maxamuud xusseen mataan qormada shirqoolki lagu daldaley 1952 kii

Shirqoolkii Lagu Daldalay Maxamuud Xusseen Mataan Bishii Setember Saddexdeedii 1952 Xabsi Ku Yaalay Boqortooyada Biritan Gaar ahaan Gobalka Wales Caasimadeeda Magaalada Kaardif(Cardif). Marka aanu soo hormarno aniga iyo Maxamuud Xusseen Mataan oo aay weliba na arkaan anagoo faraxsan oo labada gacmood midba ka kale haaysto guryahaha dariska caddanka waxa aay dusha nagaga shubi jireen baaldiyo biyo wasakha oo aay noo siidiyaariyeen , anigana waxa aay iigu yeedhi jireen erayo caaya sida ** Black Man,s Whore** BY Laura Mataan, Qormadii 7aad.

Markii uu maxamuud xusseen mataan uu u guurey magaalada Kardif oo magaalo maddax u ah gobolka ( Wales uk ), waxa uu halkaasi uuga bilaamatey nolol cusub iyo waayo markaas isaga ku cusub oo aanu hore u aqoon; Markaan leeyahay waayo aanu hore u aqoon kama hadlaayo amase uu la ma jeedo Kaardif in aay ahaayd magaaladii uugu horeesey maxamuud xusseen mataan uu arko balse ta aan uuga socdaa ah in aay kardif ahaayd magaaladii uugu horaaysey ee uu deegaan rasmiya ku noqdo, kuna munaasib-noqotey bilowgii noloshiisa iyo barkulankii uu ka beermay kalgacalkii qotoda dheeraa ee dhex maray isaga iyo marwadiisii mustaqbalka noqotey ee Laura Mataan oo uu ilaahay guurkoodii kala kulmiyey guul iyo u bad dhamaantood u badnaa wiilal oo aay qaar imikaba noolyihiin.

Inkasta oo kalgacalkii dhexmaray Maxamuud Xusseen Mataan iyo marwadiisii Laura Mataan lagu qaadey weerar habeen iyo maalina oo jinsi nacaayba, haddan isku da,ay kasta oo laaysku da,yo in la kala irdheeyo waay ku guuldaraaysteen kuwii aan jacaylaan wada jirkooda, iyaguna waxaay noqdeen lamaani isku duuban oo duufaano kastoo lagu soo kiciyo suti gaashaan u haya kuna dalbada halkudhigyada heesta soomaaliyeed ee tidhaahda: " Jacaaylkeenaa ka weyn. Waa dhab oo jacaaylka dhabta ahi maba kala dhantaalmoo lafuhuu dhameeyaa waxaa yidhi abwaankii qaaliga ahaa ee soomaaliyeed Xusseen Aw-Faarac Dubad.

Laura mataan oo laga waraaystey telefishanada waaweyn ee ingiriiska bishii labaad saddex iyo labaatankeedii sannadkii ( Feb-23-1998 ) xilligaasi oo aay iyada iyo wiilasheedii iyo qaar badan oo qoyskoodii ka mid ahaa ku guulaaystet dacwadii qaladka lagu daldalay maxamuud xuseen mataan jeel ku yaala magaalada kardif bishii sept 1952, dacwadaasii oo qoyskii maxamuud xusseen mataan lagu siiyey magdhaw dhan (E 700,000 ) oo genida sisterliinka ah iyo raali galin dilkaasi aay ka bixisey maxkamadii xukunkaasi ridey ee xukuntey in lagu qaldamey dilkii maxamuud xusseen mataan oo u ee kaa mid aan si cadaalada lo baadhin debigii lagu soo oogay ayaa Laura Mataan oo waraysigaasi telefishanada ingiriiska iyo adeecada weyn ee loo yaqaan ( British Board Casting English) amabase loo soo gaabiyo ( BBC ) oo aay siisey ayaa mar la weydiiyey kalgacakii cishiq uu dhexmaray iyo iyo sigeedii Maxamuud xusseen mataan iyo weliba cusiriyadii jinsi nacaayb oo iyada loogu diidanaa in aay ku agdhawaata ama garabkiisa lagu arko maxamuud xusseen mataan oo aay xilligaasi dadka cadaanki ahi ku nacayeen midabkiisa madownimo ayaa aay su,aalihii laga weydiiyey iyada iyo maxamuud xusseen mataan arrimihii cishiq ee soo dhexmaray aay kaga jawaabtey sidani:-

" Waxa uu ahaa mar la arag oo waan ka saayidey isaga debideed nin aan la hadlo, mana aay jirin hortee qof isaga ka horeeyey oo aan jeclaadey, waxaan arkayaa dhoola cadaayntiisii, waxa ii muuqda oo dhagahaayga ku soo dhacaya hadaladiisii isaga oo uu humaagiisii iiga muuqdo kursigan aan ku fadhiyo kan ka soo horjeeda!!

."Waxa uu ahaa qof mar qudha uun laa tusay balse mudooyin dambe laayga qaatey, maaanse filaayn in aay aroor roob da,ayey oo aan ku sii socdey jeelka oo ahaa halkii lagu dal dalay in aay dal dalayeen oo aana fursad u helin dardaarankiisii, waan cadhaaysan ahay oo cadhaan ku dhimanaya cadhana waa ku jirey muddo lix iyo afartan sanno ah";
Erayadaasi waxaa ku muusanoowdey markii waraysigu socdey Laura Mataan oo ilmo badan qooysey dhabanadeeda xilligaasi oo aay ahaayd qof weyn oo da,a aanad arki kartid wejigeeda daalka iyo waayaha adag ee ka muuqda intaas oo qof kastoo dameer leh ama dareen dabqasho leh oo dhagaysanaayey hadaladaa murugada leh ee waraaysigaasi maalintaasi aay ku muusanoowdey Laura Mattan ama shaashadaha waaweyn ee laayska daawado ka arkaayey waxa aan filayaa in aay raad weyn oo damqasho leh aay ku reebto xusuusihiisa gaarka leh, iyadoo waraaysigaasi uu inoo sii socon-doono aay Laura Mataan aay kaga waramaaysey waayihii jaceyl iyo wakhtiyadii murugada badnaa baan aniga oo taas ka duulaya waxa aan halkan idiin soo marinayaa hees ku jirtey buug jacayla oo aan qorey 1984kii, buugaasi oo la odhan jirey ( Adigu Idhaaftaye Bal Ayatiinka Aan Dhawro ).

Dantu raaxay haaysaa
Waayihu duleeyaaan
Da,dii lama caweeyoo
Dooda iyo sheekada
Fraxadaha daraanka leh
Dadka lama wadaagoow
Doqon buu ka dhigan yahay

Hadaay dunidu weyn tahay
Daawasho iyo qurrux tahay
Kaaymo doogu baxay
Webiyada dururaya iyo
Dekad iyo maraakiib

Buuro dahabka laga qodo
Beero lagu dalxiisiyo
Aay dooxyo badan tahay
Badan tahay

Isaga waay ka dadantoo
Sidii uu danbaab galey
Dugaag iyo sidii bahal
Dayr kali u gaaroo
Cidi aanay degin weli
Darxumoo ku nool yahay

Qof damiir la siiyoo
Garashadu damqaaysoo
Diir naxaaya mooyee
Dadku waay la yaabaan
Ku digtaan miskiinkee

La Soco Qormooyinka Dambe

Khadar Jaambiir Cige

Doorashadii xildhibaanada Golaha Shacabka ee J.Somaliya ( Mar- 25- 1969) Qormadii 4-aad

Khadar Jaambiir Egeh

Doorashadii Xildhibaanada Golahii Shacabka ahaa Ee Jamuuriyadii Somaalida Bishii Saddexaad Shan iyo Labtaatankeedii sannadkii Kun Sagaal Boqol iyo Sagaal iyo Lixfanki Bishiii ( Mar- 25- 1969) Qormadan Afraad waxaa halkii inooga sii socon doona. labdii Xusbi ee kala ahaa Xusbigii Ubax iyo Xusbigii Hadhuudho.

Qormadii saddexaad waxa aay inoo joogtey markii Jeanne Dhaem iyadoo Fasalkii labaad ee ardaydii dhiganeysey waxabarashadii dadka waaweyn ee loo yaqaaney Adlasta oo ah eray faransiisa amase loo yaqaaney dhinaca afka Ingiriiska (Adult Education ) oo labada afba micnahooga uu ku soo biyo dhacaayey waxbarashada dadka waaweeyn oo habeenkii ka socon jirtey dugsiga hoose dhexe ee Arabsiyo taas oo la dhigan jirey shan saac oo loo qaaybiyey shan xiisadood oo iskugu jirey jirey :- 1-xiisada Afka Ingiriisiga lagu barto. 2- Xiisada lagu barto afka carabiga, 3-xiisad lagu barto Xisaabaadka iyo maamulka maaraaynta guud, 4-Xiisad lagu barto Saaynis ka iyo Xiisada shanaad ee uugu dambaysa oo lagu dhigan jirey maamulka madaniga ah iyo sida loo maamulo Arimaha bulshada (Civic Life ).

Wacbarashadaasi dadka waaweyn ee wax lagu baraayey baayacmushtarka meheradaha ku lahaa magaalada Arabsiyo iyi guud ahaanba dadkii madaniga ahaa ee ku noolaa magaalada haween iyo ragba ayaa qorshahaasi waxbarasho ee dadka waaweyn la bilaabay badhtamihii 1960s kii . taas oo aay ahaayd seeska ujeedo ee loo dhigey aasaaskii waxbarasho ee dadka waweeyni uu ahaa in loo soo saaro magaalada maareeyayaal maamuli kara arrimaha bulshada ee deegaanka Arabsiyo, hanoqoto xag ilaalin fayadhawrka deegaanka oo laga hortagaayo wixii dhiba ee ku noqon kara aafo deegaankaasi sida xaalufka dhirta looga hortogo oo lagu wacyi-geliyo dadka in uu qofkastaabaa geed ka beero gurigiisa hortiisa, in saxada magaalada la ilaaliyo oo uu qofkastaaba xashiish iyo wixii xumaaynaya saxada bulshada in uu iskii isagu uu isku xilqaamo oo uu sida uugu dhakhsaha badan uugu wargeliyo haayadaha qaabilsan arimahaasi, wixii uu gacantiisa isaguna ku qabsan karo in aanu cid kale la sugin ee uu xalkaa maareeyo.

Waxa kale oo aay ahaayd ujeedada loo yagleelay qorshahaas waxbarashada dadka waaweyn si loo soo dhiso aqoonteeda fahan oo ku saabsan guud ahaan deegaanka aay ku nool yihiin ito si aay wax uuga ogaadaan dunida kale ee aduunyada iyo xadaaradaha dadtowgaas ku nool qaaradaha aduunyada, xadaaradaasina ha noqoto mid soo jireena amase mid dhexee, Qaybta arimaha bulshada waxa aay ardayda Adlastaa dhugan jirtey aay wax kabaran jireen sida wadajire wax loogu wada qabsado iyadoo aan qaayb qaayb iyo qolonimo aan lagu eegaayn danta guud oo wixii dheef iyo dhiba in aay u simayn yihiin bulshadaasi markaa uu ilaahaay dhigay in aay deegaankaasi ku wada noolaato.
Marka la leeyahay arimaha bulshada iyo sida aay bulsho danta guud u qabsato iyadoo ku guusaaysa ( As Team) wax loo dhan yahay oo weliba aay wada wadaagto bulshadaasi guud ahaan in barashadeeda la yaraaysto maaha oo weliba marka si cilmiyeysan loo baranaayo ee looga doodaayo arinkaasi maaha arin meel soke laga soo qaadi karo oo waa qorshe fahanka arinkaasi uu faa,iido weyn u yeelan doono haddii aay bulsho fahanto micnaha danta guud oo hareeraha laga wadajoogaa aay yeelanaayso, weliba ku darsoo midhaha laga faa,iidayo qorshahaasi hadduu fulo aan la koobi karin.

Waxbarashadan dadka waaweyni waxa aay la haayeen koox horjoogayaal ah ( Arabsiyo Elderly Board Of Education) oo dusha kala socda tayada waxbarasho si dadban iyo si toosaba u kormeera habeen kasta hanoqoto habsami u socod ka tacliinta iyo anshaxa waxbarasho, kooxdaa horjooga yaasha ka ahaa qorshahaas wabarasho ee dadka waaweyn waxa aay ahaayeen odayaashii magaalada hormoodka ka ahaa ee xilligaa taladu gacanta aay uugu jirtey.

Marki aay Jeanne Dheam iyadoo talamaysa aay xafiiskii uugu gashay odayaashii magaalada oo uu hormood ka ahaa Cali Hanfi ( Cali Yare ) aad baay u nacdey , weliba markii uu maamulihii dugsiga iyo macalimiintaba oo la odhan jirey Cabdillaahi Khaawi (Kucadeeye) ku yidhi adiga iyo macalinkan kaleba waxaad ku eedaaysan tihiin anshax xumo aad ardayda iyo dugsigaba aaney xamili karin ayaay Jeanne Dhaem aay inta aay indhuhu naxdin ka soo dhici gaadheen tidhi :- ** Cabdillahi aniga waad u og tahay in aan ahay qof ajaaniba oo had iyo goor ka taxadiran qaladaad u kasa in aan sameeyo , waxaase suurtowda in uu qalad isfahan xaga dhaqanku oo aanan anigu ogaayn mar mar yimaado waanan ka digtoonaan doonaa marka dambe ee ha la ii sheego anshax xumada ( misconduct ) aan sameeyay si aay ii ugu noqoto fursad aan hadhow kaga faa,iidaysto?

Cabdlilaahi Kucadeeye inta uu xaggii Odayaasha jaleecay ayu af soomaali uugu turjumay Odayaashii waxa aay Jeanne Dhaem ku garnaqsatey iyo in aay Odayaasha ka dalbatey in loo sheego anshax xumadaay samaaysey si aay mustaqbalka soo socda aaney qaladkaasi mar labaad ku dhicin oo aay uuga digtoonaato. Cali Hanfi ( Cali Yare) waxa uu hadalkiisii ku bilaabay bismilah, horta waxa aan hanbalyo iyo bogaadinba u soo jeedinayaa gabi ahaanba macalimiinta si niyadsamiya uugu haawlan habeen iyo dharaarba waxbarida aqooneed ee bulshada deegaankan Arabsiyo uu ilaahaay dhigey caruur iyo cirooleba, marka xigana waxaan mahad naq u soo jeedinayaa Jeanne Dhaem oo ah gabadh yar oo meel fog uuga timid in aay waxbarto bulshada reer arabsiyo iyadoo gurigoodii uuga soo banbaxdey in aay si hagarli,i ah waxbarasho ugaadhsiiso ciroole iyo caruurba guud ahaan ku nool deegaankan Arabsiyo.

Markii uu Cali Hanfi oo ahaa afhayeenka Odayaasha reer Arabsiyo uu hadaladaa mahadnaqa ah ujeediyay macalimiintii Dugsigaa dhigi jirtey iyo mahanad qaara oo Jeanne Dhaem ah ayaa intuu jaleecay Cabdillahi Kucadeeye oo ahaa maamulaha Dugsiga iyo macalimiintaba uu ku yidhi inta aanan gudo gelin dacwadii loo haaystey Jeanne Dhaem horta intaa u turjun. Cabdillahi Kucadeeye markii uu hadaladii Cali Hanfi u turjumey Jeanne Dhaem, hadaladaasi oo aay aad uugu riyaaqdey Jeanne Dhaem kalsooni buuxdana siiyey ayaa uu Cali Hanfi guda galey mucdii ama nuxurkii dacwadii loo soo jeedinaayey Jeanne Dhaem, waxaani Cali Hanfi (Cali Yare) qaybtii labaad ee hadalkiisa ku bilaabey sidii caadada u ahaayd :-

" Bismilah, Ilaahaay baa mahadleh ,waxaananu u mahad naqaynaa Allihii naga dhigey dad muslimiinta, waxaana nagu waajiba marhadaanu nahay dad muslimiina in aanu sheegno xaqa muslimku lee yahay iyo xaqa aay martida nala nooli aay leedahay. Jeanne ama Jinaweey marka hore waanu ognahay in aayney kala dhaqan nahay kale diin nahayna balse aad tahay inantayadii oo aanu kuu sheegno wixii toosina si aanu kuugu sheegno wixii dhib kuu keeni kara, anagana aad nooga dhawri kartid wixii iimaankayaga iyo dhaqankayaga weliba diintayada muslimka ah ka hor imanaaya, sidaasi daraadeed ayaanu go,aansaney aniga iyo gudoonkan odayaasha ah oo aan afkooda ku hadlaayo in aanu ku soo gaadhsiino wixii tabasho ah ee toosin u baahan ee naga ka soo galey : Intaas markuu yidhi Cali Hanfi( Cali Yare) ayaa uu ujeestey xagii miiska kaga beeganaa xafiiska oo aay ka soo jeedeen Jeanne Dhaem iyo Cabdillahi Kucadeeyo oo isbar bar fadhiyey laba kursi oo isu dhow, waxaanu Cali Hanfi Cabdillahi Kucadeeye ku yidhi Inanta u turjun oo u fasil hadalkaaygii .

Markii uu Cabdillaahi Kucadeeye uu qaybtii labaad ee hadalkii Cali Hanfi u fasiley , Jeanne Dhaem na si fiican u dhugatey aadna u fahantey hadalkii waayeelka odynimo ahaa ee uu u soo jeediyey Cali Hanfi ayaa uu mar labaad Cabdillahi Kucadeeye inta uu eegay dhinacii Cali Yare ka xiga uu u siinyaaleeyey in uu wato hadalkii sii. Cali Hanfi sidii u caadada haayd ayuu hadana mar saddexaadkii ku bilaabey hadalkiisi " Bismillah, Jeanne , caruurta ardayda dugsiga marka aad u dhigaysid kuguma eedaayno dharkaad xidhan tahay ee aad ardaydaasi wax uugu dhigto waayo iyagu waa arday yar yar oo dhib malaha dharka aad xidhan tahay balse waxaad ogaataa marka aad habeenkii wax u dhigaaysid Adlasta ardayda dhigataa waa dad waaweeyn oo dharkan aad habeenkii waa in aad soo badashaa soona xidhataa dhar asturan waayo haddii aad soo xidhato dharkan kugu dhijisen ee aay cawradaada muuhinayaa waay kugu hamoonkaraan ardaydan dhigata waxbarashada dadka waaweyni oo waa rag mudakara, markaas waxaan si nasteexa oo weliba waalidnimo ah kuugu soo jeedinayaa in dhar asturan aan habeenkii la timaado markaad wax dhigaaysid, arinkaasina waay qaatatey Jeanne Dhaem oo habeenkaasi wixii ka dambeeyey waxa aay wax ardayda uugu dhigi jirtey dhar asturan oo weliba xijaaban.

La Soco Qormooyinka Soo Socda

Khadar Jaambiir Egeh

Dhaqaalaha iyo Tiknoolajiyada aduunka + xuquuda dumarka

Maanta oo Sabti ah waxaan halkan idiinku soo gudbinayaa mawduuc aqoon-guuda oo ku saabsan dhaqaalaha iyo tiknoolohyiada aduunka iyo weliba xilligii lagu dhawaaqay xuquuqda dumarka ee aduunka , waxaan jeclaa mawduucan aqoonta-guuda oo aay ku duugan tahay aqoon farabadani oo ku qoran afka ingiriisiga in aan idiin tyrjumo ad soomaali balse wakhtiga oo ugu cidhiidhiya ayaan ii saamaxayn, markaas waxaad tihiin dad aqoon leh oo badankiinu luuqada ingiriisiga aad u yaqaana markaa isagoo in giriisiya ayaan idinla jeclaaday in aan idiin soo gudbiyee iga gudooma oo si fiican uuga faa,iidaysta.

: The economy of the 1970s went through several ups and downs. In 1973 and then again in 1979 there were shortages of oil. This meant that the cost of many things increased. But unfortunately, people’s salaries did not increase. Another economic problem was that many people lost their jobs and could not find new ones

These problems happened in North America, Europe and Russia. On the other hand, in some Asian countries, such as Japan, Hong Kong, South Korea, Singapore and Taiwan, their economies were good. This was because these countries exported things that other countries bought. This meant that money was coming into these countries and people in these countries had jobs.

Several important and interesting technological developments happened during the 1970s. A lot of the technology we use in our daily lives today was invented in the 1970s. Microprocessors, which are the "brains" of modern computers, tablets and smart phones were first invented in the 1970s. The first personal computers were made and sold during this time.

People were also able to listen to music anywhere they wanted with the invention of the Walkman in 1978. The first video games were made in the 1970s. In 1971, the first email was written and sent. Later, in 1973, the first call on a mobile phone was made.

The technology people used to grow food improved during this time. Something called the "green revolution" happened during the 1970s. The green revolution refers to improving farming technology. This meant that farms produced more food. This in turn meant that less people went hungry and more countries were able to produce their own food.

Society also changed during the 1970s. Women began to have a more important place in public life. Isabel de Peron became the first woman president of Argentina in 1974 and Margaret Thatcher became the United Kingdom’s first female Prime Minister in 1979. Women also started to do more work outside of the home in the 1970s. Another social change was that people began to be more and more interested in protecting the environment.

Khadar Jaambiir Egeh

The Napoleonic Invasion of Egypt July,1,1798

Napoleon Bonaparte
On July 1, 1798, Napoleon landed in Egypt with 400 ships and 54,000 men and proceeded to invade the country, as he had recently invaded Italy. But this Egyptian invasion was to be different. For, in addition to soldiers and sailors, Napoleon brought along 150 savants — scientists, engineers and scholars whose responsibility was to capture, not Egyptian soil, but Egyptian culture and history. And while the military invasion was an ultimate failure, the scholarly one was successful beyond anyone’s expectations.

Meticulous topographical surveys were made, native animals and plants were studied, minerals were collected and classified, local trades and industry were scrutinized. Most famously, ancient Egypt was discovered — the temples and tombs of Luxor, Philae, Dendera, and the Valley of the Kings. Each of these sites was measured, mapped, and drawn, recording in meticulous detail a pharaonic Egypt never before glimpsed by the outside world.

But how was the outside world to see what the scientists had discovered? Fortunately, the savants decided, before they had been in Egypt for even six months, that their discoveries had to be published, and they collected and sketched with that aim in mind. After their return to France in 1801, they continued to organize materials, and finally, in 1809, the first volumes of the Description de l'Égypte were published. Over the years, concluding in 1828, a total of 23 volumes would appear. Three of these were the largest books that had ever been printed, standing over 43 inches tall. The total set contained 837 engravings, many of them of unprecedented size, which captured Egyptian culture from every possible vantage point.

The most impressive were surely the volumes of antiquities, spilling over with obelisks, colossi, temples, sphinxes, and all manner of artifacts. But the volumes on natural history were also impressive, with their crocodiles, asps, lotuses, and palms. Never before had a single country inspired such a monumental encyclopedia of such depth and splendor.

Khadar Jaambiir Egeh

Teacher Training and class engagement Programs

Teacher Train Teaching Methods and Class Engagement Programs.
New teachers deserve better. It is time for teacher prep programs to focus on classroom management so that first-year teachers are prepared on day one to head off potential disruption before it starts.

These strategies are so strongly supported by research that we refer to them here as the “Big Five.” They serve as the yardstick for this study, measuring the extent to which teacher preparation programs are training teachers in research-based classroom management strategies. We also examine the integration of a handful of other strategies, although their research bases are not quite as strong.

Everywhere but nowhere !!

By examining a sample of 122 teacher preparation programs in which we were able to review the full breadth of the professional sequence — including lecture schedules, teacher candidate assignments, practice opportunities, instruments used to observe and provide feedback on teaching episodes, and textbooks — we can conclude the following:

Most programs can correctly claim to cover classroom management, with only a tiny fraction (♥ percent) in our sample ignoring instruction altogether. However, instruction and practice on classroom management strategies are often scattered throughout the curriculum, rarely receiving the connected and concentrated focus they deserve.

Most teacher preparation programs do not draw from research when deciding which classroom management strategies are most likely to be effective and therefore taught and practiced. Especially out of favor seem to be strategies that impose consistent consequences for misbehavior, foster student engagement, and — most markedly — use praise and other means to reinforce positive behavior. Half of all programs ask candidates to develop their own “personal philosophy of classroom management,” as if this were a matter of personal preference

Instruction is generally divorced from practice (and vice versa) in most programs, with little evidence that what gets taught gets practiced. Only one-third of programs require the practice of classroom management skills as they are learned. This disconnect extends to the student teaching experience.

Contrary to the claims of some teacher educators, effective training in classroom management cannot be embedded throughout teacher preparation programs. Our intensive analysis of programs in which classroom management is addressed in multiple courses reveals far too great a degree of incoherence in what teacher candidates learn and what they are expected to do in PK-12 classroom settings. Embedding training everywhere is a recipe for having effective training nowhere.

The false promise of instructional virtuosity
There is little consensus in the field regarding what aspects of classroom management should be taught or practiced. The closest the field comes to an endorsed approach is the apparent conviction that teachers should be able to rise to a level of instructional virtuosity that eliminates the need for defined strategies to manage a classroom. Defending the lack of focused classroom management training in many teacher preparation programs, the field’s intellectual leader, Linda Darling-Hammond, argues that the teacher candidate should instead learn to “manage many kinds of learning and teaching, through effective means of organizing and presenting information, managing discussions, organizing cooperative learning strategies, and supporting individual and group inquiry.”

Another discouraging development concerns the edTPA, a performance assessment intended as a gateway for licensure, which is now being rolled out in half the states with the strong endorsement of the field’s leadership. Although in many ways the edTPA is a commendable effort to insert greater rigor and accountability into teacher preparation, it has yet to specify explicitly what teacher candidates ought to demonstrate as classroom managers. Given how important the edTPA has already become, it is crucial that evaluation of teacher candidates’ classroom management skills be incorporated more explicitly into the edTPA’s rubrics.

The silver lining is that, according to one survey, half of teacher educators aren’t entirely sure that the approach — actually more of a non-approach — of relying solely on instructional virtuosity for classroom management works. It is also clear that some programs are paying more attention to research and to the alignment of instruction and practice: St. Mary’s College of Maryland, the University of Virginia and the University of Washington – Seattle are notable for aligning instruction and practice with research-based strategies

.
Other than calling out programs that do well on a particular aspect of classroom management training, this report does not provide overall ratings on individual programs. Further, we could not identify a single program in the sample that did well addressing all research-based strategies, identifying classroom management as a priority, strategically determining how it should be taught and practiced, and employing feedback accordingly. Teacher preparation’s misdirection in the area of classroom management — insisting that instructional excellence alone can maintain the order necessary for learning — appears almost universally accepted by the field’s leadership, and therefore this report necessarily reaches conclusions that require attention by the field as a whole.

Solutions
States
Unfortunately, we hold out little hope for a regulatory solution to this issue. While the regulations of every state at least briefly mention training in classroom management, most regulations are poorly informed by the research. Regulators and legislators can and should use their influence to make clear to programs their belief that training new teachers in classroom management strategies is crucial. Unfortunately, policymakers may lack the tools to ensure that preparation programs are actually training their candidates in these strategies.

Programs
It is up to programs to prepare their candidates in research-based classroom management strategies, beginning with the first foundational courses and continuing to their culminating experience as student teachers. Such integrated preparation runs counter to current practice in higher education, where individual faculty members are too often permitted to decide what to teach, with insufficient regard for programmatic goals. Instruction is needed that connects the dots, with seamless transitions between content delivery and practice.

Because of largely avoidable instances of student misbehavior, the first year of teaching can be a harrowing experience. New teachers and our children deserve better from America’s teacher preparation programs, and training that is carefully designed to prepare teacher candidates to be both effective instructors and effective classroom managers will help make the first year a happier and more rewarding experience for both teachers and their students.

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Prepared by ARABSIYO COMMUNITY VOLUNTEER TEAM GROUP 

                                                                  

Khadar Jaambiir Egeh

Marxaladii waxbaraasho ee arabsiyo sanaadii 1958-1960s, Qormadii sadexaad Q3

Taxanihii Sooyaal Ee Milicsigii Taariikheed Ee Aay Soo Martey Magaalada Arabsiyo Iyo Deegaankeedii Hoos Iman Jirey Maamulkeeda Sanadihii 1950s kii Ee Waxbarasho iyo Sidii Loo yagleelay Dugsiyadii Dawliga ahaa Ee Waxbarashada Madaniga Ahaayd Qaybtii Saddexaad.

Budhigii Wabarasho Ee Lagu Yagleelay Dugsiyadii Uu gu Horeeyay Ee Lagu Billabay Magaalada Arabsiyo Qormadii 3aad.

Qoraalkan aan kaga hadlaayo marxaladaha taariikheed ee waxbarashada Dugsiyadii uugu horeeyay magaalada Arabsiyo ayaa ah mawduuc dhumucdiisu iyo laagaha uu ku fadhiyaa kuwo qoto dheer oo marmaba marka ka sii dambaysay tuuro daba-taxana oo taariikh da,weyn idila geli doonta inkastoo ujeedada qoraalkani uu yahay in uun inoo iftiimiyo si guud marxaladihii waxbarasha ee lagu bud-dhigay aasaaskii ilaayska aqooneed ee degmada Arabsiyo iyo Aabayaashii hormoodka ka ahaa iftiinkaas aqoomeed.

Sida aaynu hore u soo sheegnay sanadku markuu ahaa 1958 kii gu,gaas waxaa laga hirgeliyey magaalada Arabsiyo labadii fasal ee wax lagu bari lahaa ardaydii fasalka koowaad ee ka soo kala jeeday deegaanka balaadhan ee aay xukumi jirtey xilligaas magaalada Arabsiyo.

Hadaba aan ku bilaabo sidii aad qormadii koowaad aad ku soo aragteen intiinii la socotey mawduucyadan aan ku bilaaynay taariikhdii dugsi waxbarasho ee aay soo martay magaalada Arabsiyo oo waataaynu nidhi Odayaashii magaaladu waxa aay u tageen District Commissioner kii Iingiriis ee fadhiyey Hargiesa, waxa aan ka cudur daaranayaa qoraalkaygii hore in aan idiinku sheega Odayaasha reer Arabsiyo ee waagaasi in aay District Commissioner ka Ingiriis aay uugu tageen Gabiley, markaas waxaan kale oo aan halkan idiinku iftiimin doonaa in aaney Gabiley District ahaayn xilligaas oo Gabiley laftigeeda Hargiesa laga xukumi jirey.

Gabiley waxaa Degmo laga dhigey sannadku markuu ahaa ama gu,gii 1963, Degmadnimada Gabiley waxa aay ku timid dadaal dheer oo uu in badan ku soo jirey alle naxariistiisa janno haka waraabiyee Sheekh Muxumed Warsame (Sheekh Muxumed Yare). Sheekh Muxumed Warsame oo ku magac dheeraa (sheekh muxumed yare) halgankiisa degaanimo muu ahaayn mid uun ku koobnaa oo qudha in Gabiley Degmo noqoto taas oo midhahiigii aay dhashay in Degmo aay noqoto Gabiley gu,gii 1963.

Waxaase kale oo jirtey in uu sheekh muxumed warsame horaantii sanadkii 1950 kii in uu inta uu gargad dhooba aha oo ahaayd meherad uu lahaa baneeyo uu arday badan halkaas ku soo ururiyo dawladii ingiriisna waaydiisto In macalimiin iyo agabka waxbarasho laga caawiyo balse dadaalkaas baahinta aqooneed ee uu horseedka ka ahaa sheekh muxumed warsame waxaa ganafka ku dhuftey niman turjumaano ahaa oo reer hargeysa ah taas oo aay District Commissioner kii Ingiriis ee Hargeysa fadhiyey ku yidhaahdeen qoeshaha caawineed ee uu sheekh muxumed yare ku dalbanaayo in macalimiin iyo agab-waxbarasho in aaney habayaraatee waxba ka jirin meeshuna aay tahay malcaamad quraan yar oo dhawr arday dhigtaan balse aragtidaasi iyo turun-turiiyinkaas loo dhiga sheekh muxumed raage maay ahaayn kuwo ka niyad jabiya in aay ardayda deegaanka Gabiley helaan tacliinta aay xaqa u leeyihiin, arinkaasina waxa uu sii kordhiyey dadaalkiisuu oo uu ku gulaystey in aay fasalkii koowad sanadku markuu ahaa 1952 in loo yagleelo Dugsigii uuguu horeeyay oo saddex fasal ah lona yaqaanay (Riis Elementary School 1952).

Dugsiga loo yaqaano Qalax oo isna Dugsi dhexe ah waxaa ardatdii uugu horaysey galeen 1958 kii. Waxaana Dugsigaas maamulayaal ka ahaa Aden Axmed Isaaq, Jaamac Maxamed Badmaax iyo Cumar Carte oo isna maamule iyo macalinba ka ahaa sanadadaa 1958-1959. Markaas taariikhdaas Gabiley iyo xilligaay DEgmo noqotay iyo Dugsigii uugu horeeyay oo loo yaqaanay Riis Elementary shool kaas oo la yagleelay markuu sanadku ahaa 1952 kii aan intaas ku dhaafo oo aan u soo noqdo markii aay Odayaashii reer Arabsiyo aay u tageen District Commissioner kii Ingiriis ee Hargeysa joogay kaas oo aay ka dalbanayeen in aay mustacmarada Ingiriis ka caawiso Degaanka Arabsiyo Agab-waxbarasho macalimiin iyo tayaanya caafimaad ee uu qabey Deegaanka Arabsiyo waagaasi.

Anbabixii Odayaasha Arabsiyo iyo safarkoodii hswleed ee aay ku tagayeen magaalada Hargeysa oo xilligaas ahayd casimada looga taliyo maxbiyadii Ingiriis oo loo yaqaanay sida duuwaanada taariikhda gumaaystaha ku jirta (British Proctetorate Somaliland). Anbabaxaa safar ee aay Odayaashii hormoodka iyo haldoorka ka ahaa magaalada Arabsiyo oo aay hogaaminayeen1-Cali Hanfi Coofle (Cali Yare) 3-Braahim Nadiif oo ahaa Duqa magaalada iyo ka saddexaad oo ahaa Axmed Gure ayaa daaranaa sida aay Badhasaabkii Ingiriis ee fadhiyey Hargeysa aay uugu qancin lahaayeen in magaalada Arabsiyo laga bilaabo Dugsi hoose oo wax aay ku bartaan ardayda ku nool deegaankaas balaadhan oo aan haaysan goob aay wax ku bartaan isla markaana aay daawlada ingiriis ka caawiso agabkii iyo kaabayaashii waxbarasho suurta galin lahaa kuwaas oo aay ka mid ahaayeen marka uugu horaysa in ardayda loo dhiso goob dugsi oo ka kooban laba fasal iyo hal xafiis, hal stoodh oo buugaagta lagu keeydiyo iyo in aay ardaydu helaan tacliintayo leh oo loo keeno macalimiin tayadoodu saraayo.

Weli waxa aaynu ku jirnaa safarkii anbabax ee odayaashii hormoodka u ahaa waagaas guud ahaan deegaanka Arabsiyo ee aay uugu kicitamayeen Caasimadii Hargeysa oo xilligaas ahaayd halka looga taliyo maxbiyadii Ingiriiska ee *British Protectorate* loo yaqaaney.

Qorshaha safarkoodu sida aaynu hore u soo sheegnay ayaa waxa uu ka koobnaa sidan:- 1- in loo helo goob wax lagu bara dhalaanka mustaqbalka waxbarasho gaadhay ee dagaanka Arabsiyo guud ahaantii ku nool kuwaas oo xaq u leh in loo dhiso Goob waxbarasho, macalimiin iyo agab waxbarasho oo aay tayadiisu saraayso, sida buugaagta daabacan, miisaska iyo kuraasta lagu fadhiisto sabuurado wax loogu dhigo, 2-Qoddobkan labaad baa isna ahaa in deegaanka Arabsiyo loo dhiso dakhtar yar oo uu u dhan yahay agabkiisii fudaaydin lahaa in loogu adeego shacabka sida umulisada, gargaarka deg dega ah dhakhaatiir aqoon u leh iyo wixii weheliya agab caafimaad oo dhan.

. 3- Qoddobkan saddexaad ayaa dhigayey in loo dhiso xero lagu daaweeyo laguna daryeelo xoolaha nool xeradaasina waxa loo yaqaanaa (Xero-dhibta) 4- Qoddobkan afraad ayaa isna ahaa in loo dhiso stoodh lage kaaydiyo daawooyinka caafimaadka dadka iyo xoolaha kaas oo ku ooli jirey halka u dhaxaaysa beerta dayax iyo Abiib cabdillaahi, Gurigaas ama stoodhkaas loogu tala gelay in dawooyinka lagu kaaydiya waxaa la siisyey sannadku markuu ahaa 1958 kii macalinkii qaaliga ahaa ee faysal umar mushteeg oo guri ahaan u gali jirey, waana halkaay ka bilaabmatey kabaadii hore ee Arabsiyo ee aay ka mid ahaayeen Cabdillahi Dhagareed,Hirad iyo qaar kaloo badan laguna sameeyay heesihii subcis sida heesta loo yaqaano *Degan* ee aay midhaheeda ka mid ahaayeen:-
Deganaayn sida doox
Daad marayoo
Darintii kaga taal
Labada dacaloo
Duunyadii weli
Daaqin Baad tahayee

5-Qodobka shanaad oo qorshahaas isna uugu weynaa baa ahaa in magaalada Arabsiyo oo ku qaniya dhulbeereedka iyo weliba beer-biyoodka loo yaqaano bustaanada in beer-weyn oo siidhadhka lagu beero laguna daryeelo dhirta si looga hortago caalufka iyo nabaad guurka in magaalada laga sameeyo Beertaasna waxa aay soo jirtey ilaa waagaas ingiriiskii ilaa sanadkii 1988 kii waxaana hlwadeenka ahaa beertaas Cabdilaahi qalinle axmed oo loo yaqnaay shabeel balse beertaas garanmaayo in aay imika jirto waxaase aan u soo qaatay in aad la socotaan hantiyihii degaanku lahaa ee aay weli shaqsiyo gaari ku camal falaan.

Magaalada Arabso xilligaas 1950s kii waxa aay ahaayd magaalo aad u kooban oo sida la sheego ama taariikhdu warinaayso magaalada Arabsiyo oo maheredii uugu horaysay ahaayd 1928 kii waxaa dhisay Ibraahim cabdillaahi oo ahaa Aw muxumed Ibraahim aabihii sida yuusuf cali maxamed odey laga hayana isagoo ka waramaaya berigii meheradaa Ibraahim ee ceelbiyoolaha agtiisa ahaayd ka waramaaya waxa uu yidhi yuusuf cali:-* Meherada uugu weyn buu ahaa , Guri aad u qurrux badana wuu lahaa oo dhawr daaqadood leh iyo albaab weyn, dushiisana waxaa marsanaa sibidh, laban na wuu ka samaysnaa, markaas anoo aruuta oo adhiga ku soo foofiyey halka uu dugsiga dhexe yahay ayaan dooxan oo laag yara inta aan gebiga ka soo boodo , dooxan laagta ahna aan ka soo ta laabo aan iman jirey meheradii aw muxumed aabii Ibraahim, inta kale magaalado dasooyin iyo waabab gerdado sarab iyo dhoobo isku jirta baay ahaayeen*.

Markaas hadaba horaantii 1950s kii magaaladu waxa aay ahaayd magaalo aad u kooban oo suuqa quburista loo yaqaano ilaa sakada suufi nuuriye aan dhaafsiiynay, suuqa uugu weeynina ee hilibka,khudrada ,sonkorta lagu , dharka iyo wax badan oo kale lagu iibiyaana waxa uu ku yaalay sakadaas suufi nuuriye ilaa xaaji jiidhe horteeda oo sakadii xaaji amare uu tukaanka ku lahaan jirey ee tarawele uu lahaa sakadaa waxaa la dhisey 1967 kii oo xilligaas 1950 gii-1966 maa jiren. halka uu yahay saldhiga boolisku xilligaasi 1950s kii ilaa 1969 kii waxa aay ahaan jirtey suuqii tumaale-yaashe, hadhuudhleeyda iyo baadlayaasha, saldhiga xabsiga ee dadka lagu xidhaana waxa aay ku taalay halka aay degmo aw gaab daganayd ee reer aw xassan agtooda, xafiiska dacwaduhuna waxa uu ku yaalay sakada guri aay isku sakad yihiin xaaji abdi obsiiye hada waa sakada galbeed kaga beegan sidaan filaayo imika saldhiga boolisku halkuu yahay, bacadlayaashuna iyaguna waxa aay ku yaaleen halkaas uu imika yahay saldhiga bilaysku, xaanalayda iyo dumarka sonkorta iibiyaa iyo xawaashyaduna waxa aay suuq yar oo jiin-gado biro tiirar u yihiin ayaay ku lahaayeen halka warshadad laaydhku ku taalay oo halkaas waxaa kaga soo jeeday meherad uu cabaas lahaa oo gabyanka dooxa u dhawayd.

Xilligaas hadaba baabuurta hargiesa u baxda ama jabuuti ee loo yaqaanay kuryeeli waay yaraayeen . Waxaana mahaalada Arabsiyo labadii usbuucba mar dhinaca hargeysa uuga bixi jirey hal baabuur, hal kalena bishii ama labadii bilood buu u bixi jirey jiuuti, labadaas baabuurna waxaa kala watey laba nin oo la kala odhan jirey Sacad iyo Feero-gaas. Istaanka baabuurta laga raacaana waxa uu ku yaalay geedka weyn ee ku yaala halka uu saldhiga bileysku imika uu yahay ee dariiqa yari u dhaxeeyo misgiid-jaamaca oo isna la dhisey 1964 kii.

Haddaba marka la tegaayo Hargeysa ama Jibuuti waxaa magaalada ka bixi jirey hal dariiq oo u dhexeeyay halka uu imika maskiid-jaamacu yahay iyo saldhiga bileysku, waxa uu dariiqaasi marka wax yar loo jiro daanyaale aay baabuurti ku yar xakan jireen si rakaabka iyo alaabta saaranba loo xisaabiyo baabuurta loona hubiyo. Marka aay xisaabta alaabta iyo rakaabka baabuurta la hubiyana ayaa aay wadayaasha baabuurtu shidhka u geli jireen baabuurta si aay safarkoodii hore uugu sii socdaan, xilligaasi oo aan ahaayn xilligan casriga ah ee dunida dhinac kastaba aay xag welba uuga horumartey ayaa xilligaasi darawaliintaas baabuurtaas iyo kirishbooyiinyooduba aay dhibaato ku hayeen rakaabkaasi oo aan inta badanba baabuur arag korisna hadalkooda daaye, marka dadka rakaabka ah baabuurtaa la saarayo waa la badh daba teegaari jirey oo xiitaa iyagoo anfariirsan ayaa salaanka lugaha garab marin jirey kirishboyguna baabuurta dushiisa ayuu inta uu garbaha soo qabto iyagoo miyir la sagxada hoose ee baabuurka fadhiisin jirey, markuu baabuurku dhaqaqana kuwa aan hore baabuurba u arag dhirta iyo cirkaa u guur guuri jirey oo markaas baay madax wareeri jireen oo hunqaaco dhabtooda buuxin jirtey.

Baabuurtaasi maay ahaan kuwo xaawli badan ku socda oo sood koodu aad buu u gaabnaa waagaas oo taayirkuun baa rogman jirey baan isleeyaha. markaay daanyaaale ka dhaqaaqaan toddobada subaxnimo ee aay ku sii yar hakadaan magaalooyinka geed-abeera , Xidhinta oo xilligaas aad u camirnaa lagana heli jirey makhaayado iyo tukaano yar yar oo aad u camiran dadkana u khidmeeya laguna hakan jirey si aay dadku uugu nastaan kana adeegtaan inta ka hadhay safarkooda, baabuurtana lagu sii giijiyo wixii ka dabca. Xidhintu waxa aay ahaayd ubucda weyn ee kala qaybsa dariiqa cad oo u kala baydha qayb hargeysa u baxda iyo qayb galbeedka u baxda oo ilaa jabuuti tagta, waana halkii loogu heesi jirey halkuu xaaji gaydh xamaanta dhigtiyo xajkeenuna xidhinta weeyaan. Markaas baabuurka Arabsiyo ka soo baxaa toddobada subaxnimo ee arooryaad waxa uu gaadhi jirey Hargeysa lixda makhribnimo ee galab dhac.

Iyadoo aan sidaas hadaba uuga soo sheekaaynay safarka Arabsiyo ee ilaa Hargeysa lagu tagaayo in aanu sahlanayn waagaas ayaay Odayaashii reer Arabsiyo ee u socday danta shacabkooda uugu anbabaxeen Hargeysa iyagoo ijaartey gaadhigii Sacad oo ingaudh u ahaa iyaga sii socod iyo soo socod si aay u soo gutaan hawsha dadaal ee aay degaankooda iskaga xilqaadeen ilaahaay dhamaan Aabayaashaas ama awoowyaashaas qabriga ha u nuura idikuna faataxada u soo mara aamiin.

Markii aay tageen subaxnimadii dambe xafiiskii badhasaabka ee Ingiriis ayaa markiiba uu badhasaabkii kala horyimid Odayaashii waji furan iyo gacmo soo dhawayn diiran wata, markii aay doododii iyo dood celin laays dhaafsadey dhamaan shantii qoddob ba in uu usbuucaas ku fulin doono ayuu badhasaabkii ku balan qaaday balse waxa uu ku xidhay laba shuruudood qodobkii tacliinta mida uugu horaysa waxa uu yidhi inta dugsiga la idiin dhisaayo waa in aad la timaadaan goob guri oo caruurta wax laagu dhigo, shuruuda qoddobkaas markiiba waxaa ka jawaab celiyey Cali Hanfi Coofle oo laba guri oo uu suuqa hoose ku lahaa uugu deeqay in ardayda wax lagu baro, shuruuda labaad ee lagu xidhayna waa in aay marka hore diyaariyeen ugu yaraan 25 arday oo lagu bilaabo qaybtan soo socota oo aad u xiiso badan la soco
La Soco Qormooyinka Dambe
Khadar Jaambiir Cige

Marxaladii waxbaraasho ee arabsiyo sanaadii 1958-1960s, Qormadii labaad.

Taxanihii Sooyaal ee lagu aasaasey Dugsiyadii wWaxbarasho ee laga yagleelay magaalada Arabsiyo oo aay hoostagaan Deegaan aad u balaadhan waagaas, Qormadani waa Qaybtii Labaad.

Budhigii Wabarasho Ee Lagu Yagleelay Dugsiyadii Uu gu Horeeyay Ee
Lagu Billabay Magaalada Arabsiyo Kuwaas oo lagu barto Aqoonta Maadiga ah Sida:- 1-Sceince ka 2-Geography-ga 3- Math ka 4-History 5- Socail Science 6-Arabic 7- English 8 -Gyms.

Ma fududa marka hore in si dhib yar loo helo oo loo bilaabo ama loo dhigo seeska Dugsiyo aqooneed lagu yagleelaayo haddii aaney marka hore u dhamaystirnayn awoodihii sahli-lahaa in la helo goobihii wax la gu dhigaayey ee aay ardaydu wax ku baranaaysey iyo agabkii waxbarasho ee aas-aaska u ahaa in lagu dhiirada , waayo ugu horaayn waxaa loo baahan yahay in la diyaariyo goobihii ardaydu wax ku dhigan lahaayd iyo agabkii waxbarashada oo dhamaaystirin iyo weliba in aay goobahaasi ama dugsiyadaasi aay joogaan macalimiin aqoon leh oo lagu soo carbiyey habka wax dhigista ama loo yaqaano (Teaching Methods).

Macalimiintaa Dugsiyada wax kabarta ardayada waxaa waagaas lagu soo carbin jirey dugsiyadii caanka ahaa xilligii mustacmaradii Ingiriiska hada waa labadii Dugsi ee kala ahaa (Camuud iyo Sheekh) oo la yagleelay si macalimiinta iyo ilaayskii hogaamineed ee umada loogu carbiyo, waxaana labadaas Dugsi ee kala ahaa (Camuud iyo Sheekh loo asteeyey in aay noqdaan warshadii ama hooyadii aqooneed ee diyaar-garayneysey ama lagu carbinaayey jiilkii soo kacaayey ee loo diyaarinaayey in aay umadan hogaamiyaan, waxaana labadaa Dugsi ee Camuud iyo Sheekh kala ahaa la yagleelay gu,gii ama sanadkii 1944 kii.

Labadaas Dugsi ee Camuud iyo Sheekh oo qaaybo farabadan iskugu jirey laguna kala baranayey culuun kala jaada ayaa waxaa waaxyahaa kala jaadka ahaa ee labadaa Dugsi ee camuud iyo sheekh iyana ka mid ahaa waaxweyn oo lagu carbiyo macalimiinta loo na yaqaanay marka la soo gaabiyo TTC ama ( Teacher,s Training Centre). Ardayada loo tababaraayey macalinimada waxa aay Dugsigaas tobobar ka ama (TTC) da aay waaxdaa tobabarka macalinimada aay ku jiraayeen muddo laba sano ah oo aay ku diyaarinayeen shahadada macalinimada ( Educational Teaching Certificate), waxaanay muddadaa labada sano ah marka laga reebo maadada takhasuska macalinku dhigaayo aay baranjireen cilmiga loo yaqaan Barbaarinta garaadka ardeyga yar iyo farsamooyinka loo adeegsado waxaana afka qalaad loo yaqaan kalmadan oo luuqada Giriiga laga soo qaatey (Pedagogy Teaching Methods ama Educational Course).
Barayaasha Dugsiyada Camuud iyo Sheekh xilligaas ku jirey waxaa lagu carbin jirey ama loo dhigayey sida aay waxbarasho tayo -fiican uugu gudbilahaayeen ardayada weloo aay ridada macalimiintu aay aad u yaraad balse waxa aay ahaayeen kuwo tayadooda aqooneed ee waagaas aad u saraayso oo haaybad sharaf badan huwana dadkooda u dhexlahaa mushahar fiicana qaadan jirey (earning with decent wages).

Barayaashaa waxa loo deegaamiyey in aay anshax iyo akhlaaqda fiican aay kaga dayato ardaydooda, taas oo dhaqanka fiicani uu ka mid ahaa haaybadaha uu dadka kaga dhex muuqdo macalinku, Marka laga hadlaayo labada waaxood ee tababarida macalimiinta ee ku yaaley labadaas macad ee camuud iyo sheekh waxa aay ahaayeen barayaasha ka soo baxa labadaas dugsi kuwo tayada aqoontoodu saraayso oo si fudud u maareeya mushkuladaha wax dhigid ee aay maalin kastaba aay goobaha waxbarashada kala kulmi jireen, waxaanay ahaayeen kuwo lagu soo carbiyey xalinta turun-turo ee caqabad ku noqonaysa habsami u socodka shaqadooda waayo waxaa duruustooda ka mid ahaa la gu soo carbiyey sida aaynu hore u soo sheegnay habaka ardayda loo carbiyo iyo deegaaminta guud ee baayada waxbarasho hababkaas aay isticmaali jireena waxaa ka mid ahaa sida:- 1-Psycholoy 2-Pedology 3- Class Management 4- Coherent 5- Teacher,s persausive 6- Teacher,s Preparatory 7- Teaching Practice Mothed intaas dhan oo aan soo sheegay waa waajibaadkii macalimiintaas lagu soo carbiyey oo loo yaqaan (Pedagogy ama Educational Courses).

Waxa aaynu hore u soo sheegnay qaybtii qormadan ka horaaysey in aay hormoodkii lagu yagleelayey in Ilayska iftiin ee lagu budhigaayey aas-aaskii ama seeskii taclimiin ee udubaha loogu dhidbaayey Dugsiyadii uugu horeeyay Deegaanka Arabsiyo aay hogaanka u hayeen Odayaashii mudakarka ahaa ee magaaladu oo aay hogaaminayeen Cali Hanfi Coofle ( cali Yare).Ibraahim Nadiif ,Axmed Gure, Sheekh Cumar Liibaan (Abu Foqora) dhamaantood Odayaashaasi waay inaga hooseeyaane faataxada haloo mara in uu ilaahaay jannadiisa fardoowsa ka waraabiyo aamiin., ayaa waxa aay maalin ka mida maalmaha barakaaysan ee aay muslimiintu shaqooyinka fasax ka yihiin oo maalin jimca ah aay Oadayaashaa mudakarki ahi iyo indheer-garadkii magaaladu aay miidii-sii uugu badnaayd ku jirto aay shir ku qabsadeen makhaayada dooxa uugu xigta oo uu Chief Caaqil Caynaan Axmed lahaa markii dambana uu Xassan Xaaji Yuusuf Rooble uu ka iibshey Chief Caaqil Caynaan Axmed.
Makhaayadaa uu lahaa Cheif Caaqil Caaynaan Axmed oo ku taala xaga magaalada galbeedka looga soo galo ee u dhow dooxa qaaybiya laba da qayboo ee arabsiyo ayaa uu shirkaasi maalintaa jimcaha ahaayd gelinkeedii dambe markii laga soo baxay salaadii casar aay Odayaashii magaaladu oo aay weheliyaan waxgaradkeedii aay shirkaas ku qabsadeen,. Sannadkan 1958 kii waa sanad barwaaqo badnaa roobkuna u badnaa oo weliba magaalada dhexdeeda waxaa sunsumaya iliilado biyo badan xunbona aanay ku jirin oo xareed saafiya ah, Geedahana waxaa isqabsadey ubaxyo caaynba caayna iyo caleen wada cagaaran .
Cadceeda casarnimo oo diirisay dharabkii geedaha saarnaa oo biyahii tifiq tiqi lahaana ku dhagsiisey falaadhahegii ayaa halkaas uu ka samaaysmey midab dahabiya oo muujinaaya shacnigii quruxeed ee uu ilaahaay ku manaaystey magaallada Arabsiyo oo ah dhul-beereed ku caana Bustaanada. Jawga galabtani waxa uu ahaa mid aad u qurrux badan Makhaayadani waxa aay ka mid ahaayd makhaayadihii aay magaalada Arabsiyo aay waagaas lahaayd kuwii uugu qiimo badnaa , waxaanay Odayaasha waxgaradka Arabsiyo u ahaayd goobta uugu mahiimsan ee aay shirarka ku qabsadaan marka arimaha khuseeya Deegaanka Arabsiyo la gorfaaynaayo, waxa kale oo aay goobtani ahaayd goob wararka lagu kala qaato laguna dhagaaysto wararka adeecadaha wixii dunida marba ku soo kordha ama gudaba ha noqotee.
Makhaayadan uu lahaa Cheif Caaqil Caynaan waxaa xilligaa loo yaqaaney (Civic Centre) taas oo aay micnaheedu ahaayd goobtii wararka lagu kala qaadan jirey. Inamada loo yaqaanay qaxwiyijiinta oo ahaa shaqaalaha makhaayada waxa aay galabtan ku jireen hawl culus waayo dalabka shaaha casaryaha oo xilligaas aad u socdaey dalabka qaarkii dadka macaamiisha u ahaa weliba khaasatan kuwa miyiga ka soo dhaadhacaa marka aay fijaan shaaha dalbadaan ee aay rabaan in loo soo lamado waxa aay istimaalayii hal far oo kor loo taago aamusnaanina la socoto markaas waxaa inanka qaxwajiga ah ku qasab ahaayd in uu si taxadir leh uu la socdo faraha aay macaamiishu kor u taagayaan..

Xilligaas oo raadhywgu aad u yaraa magaalada Arabsiyo waxaaba ka jirey laba radhyow oo keliya oo magaalada laga dhagaysto, labadaa raadhyowna waxaa bixiyey ingiriiska oo mid waxaa la dhiibey Mayor-kii magaalada Ibraahim Nadiif , mid na waxaa la dhigay Makhaayadii Caaqil Caynaan oo u ahaayd magaalada (Civic Centre) keeda ama Baraha-Bulshadu aay ku kulmi jireen halkaas oo aay ku dhagaaysan jireen cadeecadaha raadhow hargeysa iyo BBc da..

Makhaayadan Chief Caaqil Caynaan oo ahaayd Baraha-bulshada kala duwani iyo waxgaradka magaaladu aay ku kulmi-jireen inta badan waxaa lagaga hali jirey wixii dheef iyo dhiilo ah ee ku soo kordha Deegaankaas balaadhaan ee aay ku fadhidey magaalada Arabsiyo , inta badana waxaa lagaga arinsan jirey xogoha caafimeed ee deegaanka hanoqoto mid (Hygine, ) ama Xanaanada xoolaha (vetenary), mid talaalka caruuta ama dhib loo keeno deegaanka iyo dabeecada uu ilaahaay inagu uumay sida waxa afka qalaad loo yaqaan (Enviromental Vulnerablity like Desforestation, Desertification,Landslide, Greenhouse Gasses Emmissions) iyo qaar kaloo badan.

Anigoo aan ka baxayn madwuuceenii lagu yagleelay ilaayskii waxbarasho ee laga yagleelay magaalada Arabsiyo gu,gii 1958 iyo shirkii jimcaha casarkiisii ka dhacay gudaha goobatn makhaayada oo aan kor idiinku soo sheegay in aay waxgaradka magaalada Arabsiyo u ahaayd Baraha aay bulshadu kaga ariminsato kolba wixii dheef iyo dhiilo ah ee ku soo kordha ayaan anoo mooduucaa halkaas ka sii wadi doono aan inyar dib idiinku celin doonaa sannadkii 1969 kii ayaa waxaa Deegaanka Arabsiyo soo food-saartey dhib xagga dooxa ah oo beerihii iyo guryo badan qaaday taas oo magaalada looga baqayba in uu dooxu ku soo durko dabadeedna uu qaadaba, arintaasi waxa aay noqotey arin werwer weyn ku noqotey waxgaradkii iyo Odayaashii hogaanka umada u ahaa;

Markii aay dhiiladaas Dooxa Arabsiyo dhex maraa uu masiibo qaran ku noqdey umadii deegaankaas ku noolaayd sanadkuna uu markaa yahay bilihii uugu horeeyey 1969 kii oo aanu miletarigii xooga dalku aanu talada la wareegin ayaa maalin maalmaha ka mida aay wax garadkii magaaladu oo ka koobnaa haldoorkii deegaanku aay iskugu yimaadeen si aay arinkaa aafada ku noqdey uuga arinsan lahaayeen iyo sida uugu fudud ee aay gurmad deg dega uuga gali lahaayeen arinkaa.

Waxagaradkii magaalada oo aay hormood u ahaayeen Odayaashii magaalada ayaa waxa aay shir deg dega oo albaabadu u xidhan yihiin ku qabteen makhaayadii Baraha Waxgaradka u ahaayd ama la odhan jirey ( Arabsiyo Civic Centre) . Goobtaas waxaa ka dhacday dood aad u xeeladaaysan cilmina ku duugan yahay iyadoo aad looga hadlaayo cilmiga looyaqaan hab-deegaameedka uu i Ilaahay u dhigay labada nolooleed ee isku dheeli tiran ( Eco-Sytem) , waxgaradka goobtaa isugu yimid waxaa ku jirey niman khuburo ku ah baahadaha aduunka waxana ka soo galay dagaalkii labaad ee aduunka sida alle yarxame Mujaahid Gabax Liibaan.

Doodaa goobtii barkulanka u ahaayd waxgaradkii Arabsiyo ku dhex martey sannadkaa 1969 horaantiisii waxa aay doodaasi oo duhurkii bilaamatey laydhna xilligaa muujirine markii migdigii dumayna tiriig-yadii waaweynaa laysku shitay aay soo dabayaaqoowdey doodaasi dheeraayd kow iyo tobankii habeenimo, waxaana ka soo baxay qodobo wax ku oola oo aan hoos idiinku iclaamin doono , qodobadaas oo dhamaanteed qeexayey sidee gurmadka arnkaa aafada noqdey looga hortagi lahaa intaanu masiibo qaran noqon.

Shirkaasi Arabsiyo Civic Centre ka dhacay waxaa nasiib wanaag u hiley District Commissioner kii Degmada gabiley oo markaas Arabsiyo aay hoos imanaysey Muddane Maxamed Cabdi oo reer Cadmeed Cadan waxku soo bartay ahaa kana soo jeeday cid ahaan District Laascaanood. Maxame Cabdi oo ahaa Dc-ga Degmada waxa uu doodiisa uu ku soo gunaanadey in uu isagu ka caawinaayo nin uu yaqaano oo Injineer ku caan baxay sida loo xidho siliga farshaxanka loo sameeyo ee gabyanada lagu xidho, waxa kale oo uu Maxamed Cabdi Dc gii kaloo uu ku baaqay in xaga daawlada uu shidaalka baabuurta iyo laba iska rogu ku caawin doono.

Geesta kale Odayaashii iyo waxgaradkii Arabsiyo oo uu ku jiro Gabiley District Commissioner kii waxa aay soo saareen qodobadan.:- 1- waa in dhamaan meheradaha magaalada oo dhan laxidhaa maalinkasta inta aay haawsha gabyan xidhidu socoto saddex saac aay kana mid noqdaa bayacmustarka iyo maheradaha magaaladu maalgalinta iskaa wax u qabsada. 2- in la hakiyaa baabuurta magaalada in aay safaro dhaadheer u baxaan sida jabuuti oo kale inta uu socdo mashruuca iskaa wax u qabsadu waayo baabuurta xamuulka waxaa looga baahan yahay in aay marna dadka soo daabulaan, marna dhagaxa gabyanka lagu xidhaayo aay soo daabulaan, 3- waa in shicibka miyi iyo magaaloba uu qofkastaaba u huraa xoogiisa laba saacadood in uu ku bixiyo sidii hawshaasi u dhamaystiran lahayd hada waa muddada aay hawsha iskaa wax u qabsadu socoto sanadna ha noqotee. 4- shacabka miyi iyo magaalaba waa in aay maalkooda u horaan sida loo quudin lahaa dadka iskaada wax u qabsada ku shaqaayna ya muddada aay hawsha gabyan xidhidu socoto. qodobada oo badnaa aanan intaas ku soo koo bikaraayn ayaan idiiki dhaafayaa magacyadii Oadayaashii iyo waxgaradkii Arabsiyo ee haawshaas suurto geliyey.
1- Cali Hanfi Coofle ( Cali Yare)
(Ibraahim Ndiif markaas uu geeriyooday waxaa badelay)
2- Xawaadle Cilmi
3- Gabax Liibaan
3- Cumar Liibaan
4-Cabdilaahi Batuun
5-Cabaas
6-Cabdillaahi Batuun
7-Maxamed Daahir Libaan ( Ina Gacanloow)
8-( Gabiley District Commissioner Maxamed Cabdi)
La Soco Qormooyinka Dambe

Qaliinkii:

Khadar Jaambiir Egeh

Doorashadii Xildhibaanada Golahii Shacabka ahaa Ee Jamuuriyadii Somaalida Bishii Saddexaad Shan iyo Labtaatankeedii sannadkii Kun Sagaal Boqol iyo Sagaal iyo Lixfankii (Mar25-1969) Q3-AAD

Doorashadii Xildhibaanada Golahii Shacabka ahaa Ee Jamuuriyadii Somaalida Bishii Saddexaad Shan iyo Labtaatankeedii sannadkii Kun Sagaal Boqol iyo Sagaal iyo Lixfankii (Mar25-1969) Qormadan oo tii saddexaada waxa aaynu duljoogsan Magaalada Arabsiyo iyo Labadii Xusbi * Ubax * * Hadhuudho * iyo Afartii Musharax ee Labadaa Xusbi ka sharaxnaa, sidoo kale waxa iyana inoogu wehelin doona duruufihii intii aaney doorashadu bilaamey ku xeenaa guud ahaan nolosha magaalada oo aaynu dib u milicsan doono.

Waxa aaynu ku jirney buugii aay Jeanne Dheam ka qortey taariikh badan oo ku saabsanaa noloshii Arabsiyo iyo weliba arrimaha waxbarashada magaalada Arabsiyo ee waagaasi iyo duruufhii waxbarasho ee soo maray magaalada Arabsiyo, kuwaas oo ahaa marxalado kala duwan oo midkastaba aay cutubyada buugeedaasi oo la yidhaahdo marka afsoomaali loo turjumo (Awrba Awrkuu Ka Horeeyo Ayuu socodkiisa Leeyahay ) aay kaga halayso si qotodheer ayaa hadana waxa aay buugeedaasi aay kaga waramaysaa marxalidahii ololaha doorashada ee magaalada Arabsiyo ka dhacaayey kuwaas oo aay goob joog ka ahaayd , waxaa kale oo aay goob joog ka ahaa habeenkii Inqilaabkii melaterigu xoog ku qabsadeen dawladii shicibka ahaayd 21-0ct-1969 markii la diley Maddaxweynihii Jamuuriyadii Somalida Cabdirashiid Cali Sharmaarke laguna diley subax Arbaca ah 15-0ct-1969 Magaalada Laascaanood.

Jeanne D,heam waxa aay ahaayd gabadh yar oo u dhalatey dalka maraaykanka gaar ahaan Gobalka New Jersey, haddaba imiaatinkeedii magaalada Arabsiyo in aay macalimad ka noqotey bilowgii sannadkii 1968 kii muu ahaayn wax ku soo booda ah balse waxa uu ahaa qorshe aay dawlada maraaykanka oo xilligaasi 1960 gii ku jirtey dagaalkii qaboobaa ee ka dhexeeyay labadaa dawladood ee ahaa midowgii soofeyeetka iyo maraykanka.

Markaas waxaa jirey in quwadii midowga soofiyeet aay qaarada afrika looga baqanaayey hadda waa marka la eegayo xagga istaraatatejiyada marinka hormoos iyo gacanka cadmeed ama bada cas aay xoog weyn ku yeelato, taasina markaas aay saameeyn weyn oo khatara ku leedahay qowadihii reer galbeedka ee uu hogaaminaayey maraykanku iyo danahooga siyaasadeed ee aay ka lahaayeen badacas iyo afrikaba waayo midowga soofiyeet ayaa waxa uu saldhigyo badan ku lahaa dalka masar iyo marinka keenaal suways ( Canal Suez ) taas oo caqabad weyn oo laf dhuun u gashay ku noqotey reer galbeedka oo uu markaa hogoonka u hayo dalka maraaykanka

Sannadkii 1961 waxaa madaxweyne ka noqdey dalka maraaykanka( John F.Kennedy), isla sannadkaas waxa uu John F.Kennedy soo jeediyey fikir uu ku qeexayo in uu maraaykanku kaga qabsan-karo midowgsa soofiyeet oo uu kaga adkaan karo in uu maraaykanku u diro dawldaha dunida saddexaad ciidan mutadawaciina ( An army Volunteers ) kuwaas oo dadyowga dunidaa saddexaad ka caawinaya 1-dhinacyada waxbarashada oo macalimiin ardayda u dhigta loo diro, dugsiyo badana loo dhiso, 2- xagga biyahana wax soo saar loo sameeyo oo ceelal badan loo qodo, 3-Caafimaadka oo loo diro dhakhaatiir macalimiina oo ka caawiya in aay soo saaraan kalkaaliyaal caafimaad oo tayo leh, loona dhiso xarumo caafimaad oo daryeelka guud ee caafimaadku aad u sareeyo.

3- In laga caawiyo xagga wax soo saarka beeraha oo loo diro khuburo ku takhakhusey dhinaca beeraha oo la baro beeralayda dhinaca wax soo saarka beeraha oo loo isticmaali karo wax soo saarkaa mid dhoofineed iyo mid dalka gudihiisa ku filan labadaba. Markaas uu soo jeediyey John F.Kenedy qorshahaas in ciidan mutadawaciina (An army Volunteers) loo diro dunida saddexaad si loogaga adkaado dagaalkaa xeeladaaysan in aanu awood badan ku yeelan midowga soofiyeet dunida saddexaad ayaa uu bishii saddexaad kowdeedii kunsagaal boqol iyo kowiyo lixdankii (Mar-1-1961) uu amar maddaxweyne ( Executive Order 10924) oo uu tirsigiisu yahay 10924 uu ku amray waaxdii u qaabilsanynayd arinkaa in lagu sameeyo hayad loo yaqaan hawlgalkii nabada ( Peace Corps ), sanadkaa 1961 markii la sameeyay hayadii hawl galka nabada dunida sadexaad (Peace Corps) ayaa hal sanno ka bacdi loo direy in ka badan 210,000 oo mudadawaciina dunida saddexaad (210,000 amercican peace corps mostly were young and high spirit volunteers).

Jeanne D,heam waxa aay ka mid ahaayd ( Peace Corps ) kii Arabsiyo uugu horeeysay ee la keenay, xilligaasi da,deedu waxa aay ahaayd 22 jir, waanad dareemi kartaa xilligaasi inan yar oo cad kuna barbaartey New Jersey, kuna jirta da,da qofka dhalin yaranimada xilliga aay uugu macaan tahay oo ah weliba gabadh ku barbaartey dhulka lagu tilmaamo in uu hromurka aduunyada uu calanka u sido , bal hadda ba gabadhaas yar ee da,deedu taha 22 jir ka ee ku soo barbartey New York iyo Detroit Michigan oo afna aan garanayn meesha la keenay hada waa arabsiyo,e oo aan lahayn laydh, biyo qasabado laga shubto, shoolad laydh ku so cota ama gaas o cuntada lagu karsado amabase talaajad biyaha qaboow laga la soo baxa amase mashiin dharka lagu maaydh ,waxaa soo dhanse gabadha ku soo barbaartey balse aaney Arabsiyo ka helaayn oo waagaas ah tuulo yar oo faaynuus uun la daardtaa, dadkana aan afgaranayn bal sideed akhristow aad adigu dareemi lahaayd haddii aad jeenne D,heam ahaan lahayd!!

Waxa aay Jeanne D,heam ku biloowdey xilligaa aan Arabsiyo tagey ee aan ka ahaa macalimada wax ka barta ardeyda dugsiga dhexe 1968 kii ayaa isla usbuucii dambena laaygu wargeliyey in aan wax ka bari doono ardayda dhigata habeenkii Adlasta (Adult Education ) ama waxbarashada dadka waaweyn oo aay dhigtaan odayaashii magaalada hormoodka ka ahaa iyo baayacmushtarkeedii.

Waxa aay tidhi Ardeyda dugsiga dhexe waxaan wax uugu dhigi jirey dharkii ii dhaqanka ahaa ee awalba markaan maraykan joogi jirey aan xidhan jirey wax dhibana ama canaana kalamaan kulmi jiren markaan anoo dharkaas xidhan wax uugu dhiga ardayda dhigata dugsiga dhexe oo wax dhaliila odayaasha magaaladu igamaay keenin balse markii aan u bilaabey Ardaydii dhiganaysey Adalsta ama waxbarashada waaweyn arinku wuuka duwanaadey sidii hore oo habeen habeenimada ka mida aniga oo u dhigaya ardeydii fasalka labaad dhigan jirtey ee Adalsta oo ka koobnayd 40 ardey baa inta uu Cabdillaahi khaawi oo ku magac dheeraa (Kucadeeye) ahaana maamulihii dugsiga ee madaxda noo ahaa uu soo garaacay albaabkii fasalka laga soo gelaayey baa uu igu yidhi odayaashii magaalada ayaa ku rabee xafiiska ama ( office) ka kaaley markaad xiisada dhamaayso halkaas baay kugu sugayaane.

Markii aan xisadaaydii oo ahaayd barida luuqada ingiriisiga iyo sayniska oo aan ardayda Adalsata oo ka koobnayd afar fasal baro saacaduna aay ku dhowdahay siddeedii fiidnimo ayaa xaggii xafiiska dugsiga hoose ku yaaley u baxay, habeenku waa mugdidi oo cado maaha, dhulkuna aad buu u madoow yahay, markaad fasalka ka soo baxdo ee aad dibada u soo baxdo waxba ma kala arki kartid waayo tiriig ama nalka maashooga loo yaqaan baanu wax ku dhignaayoo aad indhaha kaaga tuuraya.
Xaalku sikastaba ha ahaadee xafiiskii oo laydh weyni ka baxaayo ayaan hore u galay oo aay odayaashii magaaladu iyo cabdillahi khaawi (Kucadeey ) iyo macalinka loo eedaaysane ahaa oo aay odayaashi ku eedaayeen sigaar buu ku cabay fasalada hortooda ayaan uugu tegay. Odayaasha magaalada ee isugaayey waxaa hormood u ahaa Cali Yare oo halkii aabahay iigu jirey had iyo jeerna i dhaqaalayn jirey, markii aan galey ee aan kursigaaygii fadhiistey odayaashi toos uu maay eegeeyn oo indhahooga waay iga lalinayeen iyagoo mararna hoosta geeyayey waan shakiyey oo waxaan isleeyahay tolow maxaad samaysey aadna waan u gariirey oo magaalada Arabsiyo Odayaasheeda iyo deegaankuba ma ogola qof beri lagu sheegay uun in uun uu khamri cabey, balse nasiin wanaag sidaan Arabsiyo u imid khamri macabin berigii hore ee aan maraykan joogayna khamrigaba maan jeclayn oo waxaan ogaa in aaneyna taasina igu haaysen.

Marlabaad baan haddana talamayoo waxaan is-idhi dadku waa dad muslima qaansiirkana waay neceb-yihiin tolow ma cismaan tuug ayaa ku masabidey oo waxaa jirtey in beri aan sii fogayn laasxadhaadh agteeda laga helay doofaar la qalay , kolkaas baan isleeyahay ma Cismaan Tuug ( Shaydaan Coofle ) oo u ahaa waashmaan ma isagaa ku wanjalay oo leh iyadaa ii qalatiri doofaarkaas laasxadhaadh lagu arkay hilibkiisii.
Anigoo aad u anfariisan xoogna u talamaya ayuu Cabdillahi Kucadeeye intuu si cadho leh ii soo eegay igu yidhi adiga iyo macalinkaba eedaaysanayaal baad tiihin ???
La Soco Qormooyina Dambe
Khadar Jaambiir Cige