: The economy of the 1970s went through several ups and downs. In 1973 and then again in 1979 there were shortages of oil. This meant that the cost of many things increased. But unfortunately, people’s salaries did not increase. Another economic problem was that many people lost their jobs and could not find new ones
These problems happened in North America, Europe and Russia. On the other hand, in some Asian countries, such as Japan, Hong Kong, South Korea, Singapore and Taiwan, their economies were good. This was because these countries exported things that other countries bought. This meant that money was coming into these countries and people in these countries had jobs.
Several important and interesting technological developments happened during the 1970s. A lot of the technology we use in our daily lives today was invented in the 1970s. Microprocessors, which are the "brains" of modern computers, tablets and smart phones were first invented in the 1970s. The first personal computers were made and sold during this time.
People were also able to listen to music anywhere they wanted with the invention of the Walkman in 1978. The first video games were made in the 1970s. In 1971, the first email was written and sent. Later, in 1973, the first call on a mobile phone was made.
The technology people used to grow food improved during this time. Something called the "green revolution" happened during the 1970s. The green revolution refers to improving farming technology. This meant that farms produced more food. This in turn meant that less people went hungry and more countries were able to produce their own food.
Israacii labadii gobol ee somaliya sanadii 1960
“SI AANAY TAARIIKHDU U LUMIN" by Axmed Maxamed Qaybe - Xoreyntii Somaliland iyo israacii Somalia - October 17, 2005
“SI AANAY TAARIIKHDU U LUMIN"
Sida ummadaha kale u qoraan taariikhdooda Somalidu uma badna inay taariikhdeeda qorto sababta oo ah far aynu wax ku qorno oo aan jirin ka hor 1972-kii, oo Dawladii waqtigaas jirtay ay go’aamisey in aynu qaadano xuruufta Latinka. Waxaa la inoo yiqiinay amaba aynu ahayn “oral society”. Xuruuftaas Latinka waxaynu kaga kaaftoonay luqadihii shisheeyaha ahaa ee maamulka xafiisyada iyo saxaafadda loo isticmaali jiray. Hase yeeshee , ma jiraan, hadday jiraana way yaryihiin, qoraallo taariikhiya oo fartaas loo adeegsaday.
Qoraalkaygan koobani wuxuu ku saabsan yahay xorayntii Somaliland iyo is-raacii Somalia ee 1960-kii.
Anigu magaalada Cadan, Koonfurta Yaman ayaan ku dhashay. Waqtigaas waxay ahayd mustacmarad Ingriis. Malcaamad Quran iyo dugsiyaba halkaas ayaan ka galay, ka dibna dhawr sannadood ayaan shorthand typist ugu shaqeeyey Taliskii Sare ee Ciidamadii Cirka ee Boqortooyada Ingriiska. (Royal Air Force Command, Aden).
-kii Xukuumaddii Ingriiska ee Somaliland ayaan codsi shaqo-siin ah u soo qortay, waanay iga oggolaatay. 18-kii June 1954-kii, ayaan madaarka Hargeysa ka soo degay. Magaalada Hargeysi aad bay waqtigaas u koobnayd, una qurux badnayd. Waxay ahayd meel cimiladeedu wanaagsan tahay aan boodh iyo qashin toona lahayn, oo dhulka intiisa aanay daaro ka dhisnayn cagaar ahayd , dhirta waaweynina ku badnayd - A picturesque town. Mujtamac is- wadayaqaana, isna jecel oo kan maanta aad uga yar, ayaa ku noolaa. Bulshadii waqtigaas Hargeysa joogtay wax yar baa ka sii qiiqaya.
Waxaan shaqo ka bilaabay Xafiiskii Maamulka Degmada Hargeysa (District Office) amaba xafiiska D.C.ga, siday Somalidu u tiqiiney. Waxaa laygu magacaabay District Clerk oo derejo sare waqtigaas ahayd. Muddadii aan xafiiskaas hayey dhacdooyin badan ayaa i soo maray, waxaase xusuus gaar ah igu reebay laba arrin:
Heshiisiintii Xukuumaddii Ingriiska ee Somaliland iyo Suldan Cabdillahi Suldan Diiriye (Suldankii Beesha Cidagale - Alle ha u naxriistee). Arrintii murugada lahayd ee Haud iyo Reserved Areas Dawladda Ingriisku ku wareejisey Dawlada Ethiopia, 1955-kii.
Suldan Cabdillahi Suldan Diiriye
Maalin maalmaha ka mid ah ayuu Toni Scawin oo waqtigaas ahaa D.C.gii Hargeysa xafiiskaygii iigu yimid isagoo warqad sir ah gacanta ku sita. Warqaddii ayuu ii dhiibay. Wuxuu talo iga weydiiyay arrintii warqadaas ku qornayd sida wax looga qaban karo. Warqadda waxa soo direy Chief Secretary Shirley oo maalmahaas hawlgab Somaliland uga bixitimayey, waxaanay ku saabsanayd Suldan Cabdillahi Suldan Diiriye. Wuxuu Shirley warqadiisa ku soo qoray isaga iyo Suldan Cabdillahi inay colloobeen, taas daradeedna uu Suldanku Xukuumadda Somaliland kaga maqan yahay. Maadaama Shirley dalka ka tegayey, wuxuu soo jeediyey Suldanka in lagu dayo bal inuu oggolaado inuu Xukuumadda la heshiiyo.
Waqtigaas ay Xukuumadda is-hayeen, Suldaan Cabdillahi wuxuu noogu yimid Magaalada Cadan oo berigaas ahayd mustacmarad Ingriis. Waxaanu ku dejiney Naadigi Somalilda ee Cadanweyn (Crater) oo aan anigu madax ka ahaa. Isbarasho wanaagsan ayaa Suldanka na dhexmartay, taasoo ay sii xoojisey qaraabanimo aanu isku aqoonsanay. (Ayeydey Hooyo ayaa ka soo jeeday Beesha Suldanka). Scawin waxaan u sheegay in Suldan Cabdillahi xidhiidh fiicani naga dhexeeyey oo anigu aan ula tagi doona arrintii Shirley soo jeediyay. Maalintaas galabnimadeedii Dooxa Hargeysa ayaan dhinaca Koonfur uga tallaabay, anigoo ku socda gurigii Suldanku degganaa. Qolkiisii fadhiga markaan galay, Suldanka waxaa ku hareeraysnaa odayaal dhowr ah. Farxad ayuu igu soo dhoweeyey inkastoo dareen galay. Meel gooni ah ayaanu labadayada oo keli ahi fadhiisanay. Arrintii aan u socdey ayaan u sheegay. Cabbaar ayuu aamusay isagoo fekeraya. Wuxuu igu yidhi Ingriis waa I xumeeyey. Sidaas oy tahay odayaasha Reerka ayaan talo ugu noqonayaa ee laba beri ka dib igu soo noqo. Sidaas ayaan D.C Scawin ku wargeliyay.
Ku noqoshadaydii Suldanku wuxuu ii sheegay in aanu waxba ka qabin inuu la heshiiyo Xukuumaddii Somaliland iyo tan Walayaa-ba, hadday ballan qaadayaan inay u soo celiyaan dhul balladhan oy Militariga Somaliland (Somaliland Socuts) ka dagganaayeen. Waxaan ugu jawaabay ballan ayaan D.C. Scawin kaaga soo qabanayaa ee kala hadal arrintii dhulka laga haystey, waanu aqbalay. Shardi fudud ayuu ku xidhay oo ah in aan anigu ka turjubaano, isagoo kalsooni darro ka muujinayey turjubaanadii Xafiiska D.C.ga joogey.
Kulankii Suldan Cabdillahi iyo D.C Scawin ayaa dhowr maalmood ka dib qabsoomay. Dhulkuu Suldanku codsaday in loo celiyo markii laga wada hadalay, D.C. Scawin wuxuu ballan qaadey inuu Xukuumada gaadhsiiyo, wuxuuse ku adkaystay go’aanka kama dambaysta ahi inuu ku xidhan yahay Wasiir-al-Mustacmaraadkii Ingriiska ee fadhigiisu ahaa London, caasimadda Ingriiska. Wuxuu kaloo uu Suldanka u sheegay in mushaharkiisii dhowrkii sannadood ay Xukuumadda is-hayeen xisaab gaar ah loogu shubay, markuu doonana uu qaadan karayo.
Heshiiskaas ka dib, markuu Suldanku la kulmayo Saraakiishii Ingriiska ee Xafiiska D.C ga, wuxuu ku adkayasan jirey in aan anigu ka turjubaano. Calankii Buluuglaha ahaa ee Somalia
Bishii October, 1954-kii horraanteedii ayaa Suldan Cabdillahi oo cadho ka muuqato noogu yimid Xafiiskii D.C.ga. Wuxuu D.C Scawin u sheegay in 12kii October, 1954-kii calankii bulugulaha ahaa ee Somalia la saari doono daartii Xisbiga S.Y.L ee Hargeysa. Wuxuu intaas ku daray inay dad had-hadlayaan oo leeyihiin lama saari karo. Haddii munaasabadaas nalagu soo farogeliyo, wixii ka yimaadda masuul kama noqon doonno, ayuu yidhi. (Suldan Cabdillahi waxa lagu eedeyn jirey inuu ahaa taageere Xisbigii S.Y.L. ee gobanimo-doonka ahaa, taasoo ka mid ahayd arrimihii ay Xukuumaddii Somaliland isku maandhaafeen).
Si kastaba ha ahaatee, D.C. Scawin maalin ka dib ayuu shir u qabtay odayaashii magaalada Hargeysa. Wuxuu u sheegay in aanay Xukuumaddii Ingriisku jeclayn Xisbigii S.Y.L oo lagu xaman jirey Shuuci, balse ay xaq u leeyihiin inay daartooda saaraan calanka ay doonaan. Wuxuu ka digey in lagu faro galiyo.
Haud iyo Reserved Areas
-tii January, 1955-kii, ayey Dawladda Ingriisku magaalada London kaga dhawaaqday war murugo leh, kuna saabsanaa Heshiis (Agreement) ay bishii November, 1954-kii la gashay Dawladda Ethiopia, kuna wareejinayso Haud iyo Reserved Areas, laga bilaabo 28kii February, 1955-kii. Dawladda Ingriisku waxay Heshiiskaasi u cuskatay Mucahado labada Dawladood (Ingriiska iyo Ethiopia) dhexmaratay dabayaaqadii Qarnigii 19-naad (1897kii).
Huad iyo Reserved Areas, oo ay deggan yihiin beelaha Somaliland iyo beelaha Ogaden qaar ka mid ah, siiba Reer Isaq, Dawladda Ingriiska ayaa gacanta ku haysay, ka dib markii Dawladda Talyaaniga dib looga qabsaday dalka Ethiopia 1941-kii. Sida la wada og yahay Xukuumaddii Talyaaniga ee Mussolini ayaa Ethiopia ku duushay 1935kii oo ka qabsatay Boqor Xayle Sallassie. (Boqorku dalka Ingriiska ayuu ku noola muddadii shanta sanadood ahayd ee Talaynigu Ethiopia Isticmaarsanayey).
Dhawaaqii lama filaanka ahaa ee ka soo yeedhay Dawladda Ingriiska amankaag iyo jaah-wareer ayuu ku ridey shacbiga Somaliland. Mudaharaad balaadhan ayaa laga abaabulay dalka oo dhan. Rag iyo Haween, yar iyo weyn, weer cad ayaa madaxa lagu wada xidhay. Madaxdii Dalka oo dhami Hargeysa ayey isugu timid. Waxaa la go’aansaday in la asaaso Jabhad Mujtamaca Somaliland mideysa, kana hortagta masiibadii dalka la soo deristey, waxaana Jabhadaas lagu magacaabay National United Front (N.U.F).
Qaranigii 19aad dabayaqadiisii (1884-86), Dawladda Ingriisku waxay Qabaa’ilka Somaliland la gashay Heshiisyo (Agreements), ay ku ballan qaadayso in ay ilaaliso iyaga iyo degaanadoodaba. Shacbiga Somaliland waxay Dawladda Ingriiska ku eedeeyeen inay Heshiisyadaas ku ballan-furtay. Waxa la go’aamiyey in Dawladda Ingriiska loo diro wafdi ka codsada in ay ballan-furkaas ka noqoto.
Wafdigaasu wuxuu ka koobnaa Michael Mariano; Dube Cali Yare; Suldan Cabdillahi Suldan Diiriye (Suldankii Beesha Cidagale) iyo Suldan Cabdiraxmaan Suldan Diiriye (Suldankii Beesha Sacad Muse), giddigood Alla ha u naxariistee. Wafdigaasu markuu London gaadhay, waxaa lagu dejiyey Hudheel caan ah oo ku yaalla Magaalada badhtankeeda, laguna magacaabo Cumberland Hotel. Wafdigii Looyerro Ingriis ah ayuu qabsaday. Dood ba’an oo cirka isku shareertay ayaa arrintii wafdigu la socdey ka aloosantay Aqalka Hoose (House of Commons) ee Baarlamaanka Ingriiska. Doodaasi waxay u dhacday sida lifaaqa ku qoran oo aan ka soo minguuriyey HANSARD. Hadal iyo murti, fara madhan ayuu wafdigii kala soo noqday London. (arrintan Huad iyo Reserved Areas ku saabsan uga ma jeedo in aan fidmo hurudda kaakiciyo, ee taariikh ahaan ayaan qoraalkan ugu soo qaatay). Mar labaad waxaa la go’aansaday inuu wafdigu u safro magaalada New York, si arrinta loo horgeeyo Qaramada Midoobey. ( Waxaa wafdigaas ku biiray Suldan Bixi Foley, Ogaden, Reer Isaag). Hase yeeshee, Qaramada Midoobayna waa lagu soo hungoobay.
Somaalidu waxay tidhaahdaa waxaad shar moodid oo khayr kuu noqdaa jira. Dhirbaaxadaas ku dhacday shacbiga Somaliland way baraarujisay oo hurddadii ayaa laga toosay. Dhaqdhaqaaqii gobanimo-doonka ahaa ayaa xoogeystey. Il iyo baal la isuma keenin ilaa laga gaadhyey xornimo (Independence) 26-kii June 1960-kii
Dawladda Hoose ee Berbera
Bilhii hore ee 1956-kii ayaa la ii beddelay Dawladda Hoose ee Berbera halkaas oo aan ka noqoday Sarkaalka Fulinta (Excutive Officer). Xubnaha Golaha Deegaanka ee Berbera waxaa ka mid ahaa, Alla ha u naxariistee, Maxamed Xaji Ibrahim Cigal. Isbarasho wanaagsan iyo walaaltinimo ayaa na dhexmartey. Maxamed wuxuu waqtigaas ahaa nin dhalinyaro ah oo aannu isku gedo ahayn, oo qayrkii ka dhex muuqday, aqoontiisuna heer sare ahayd. Aad buu kutubta u akhrisan jirey, siiba kuwa ay qoreen faylasuufiyiintii Reer Galbeedku. Nasiib wanaag dhowr jeer oo dambe ayaanu Maxmed Xaaji Ibraahim Cigal wada shaqaynay.
Deeq Waxbarasho
Intii aan joogey Dawladda Hoose ee Berbera ayaan warqad iigu bushaaraynaysa deeq waxbarasho oo Carriga Ingriiska ah ka helay Xukuumadii Somaliland. Aad baan ugu farxay. Bishii September 1956-kii ayaanu Hargeysa ka dhoofnay aniga iyo Cismaan Axmed Xassan (Cisman Indhoole) oo deeqdaas wax-barasho ila wadaagay. London ayaanu dhowr maalmood ku hakanay, ka dibna waxaanu u gudubnay magaalada Edinburgh, caasimada Scotland. Waxaanu ku biirnay Jaamacadda Edinburgh, qaybteeda maamulka dawladaha hoose laga barto.
Edinburgh waxaa nooga sii horreeyey Cali Sheikh Ibrahim (Cali Qaadi) oo isla Jamacadaas cilmiga dhakhatnimada ka baranayey. Guri (apartment) ayaan saddexdayadii wada kiraysanay si aanu isugu biil gaabsano. Sida hilaaca ayuu nagu dhaafay sannadkii aanu Edinburgh joognay . Ka dib aniga iyo Cisman Axmed ayaa u wareegney Jaamacadda qadiimka ah ee Oxford. Laba sannadood ayaanu Jaamacadaas ka baranayney Public and Social Administration. 1959-kii dabayaqadiisii ayaanu Hargeysa ku soo noqonay. Cismaan Axmed waxaa lagu magaacay D.C.ga Sanaag, aniguna waxaan la wareegay shaqadii Xoghayaha Golihii Shacabka ee Somaliland. Waxaan kaloo Xoghaye u noqday guddidii dallacaadda iyo wax-barashada dibadeed. (Promotion and Training Board). January 1960-kii,ayaan London ku noqday si aan Xeer-hoosaadka Baarlamaanka Ingriiska (Parliamentary Procdure) u soo barto, ugana faad’ideeyo Golahii Shacabka ee Somaliland. Dhowrkii bilood aan ku maqnaa Baarlamaanka Ingriiska , Somaliland waxaa ka qabsoontay doorasho loo tartamay Golihii Shacabka, waxaana ku guuleystey Xisbigii S.N.L/ U.S.P. Ka dib Motion ayaa la hor dhigay Golihii cusbaa kaasoo ku saabsanaa israaca Somaliland iyo Somalia. Motionkaasu aqlabiyad balaadhan ayuu ku gudbey. Wafdi sideed (8) xildhibaan ka kooban oo Maxamed Xaaji Ibrahim Cigaal hogaaminayo ayaa Muqdisho loo diray, si midnimada labada dal looga soo wada hadlo Xukuumadii Cabdillahi Ciise Maxamuud (Alle ha Naxriistee). Waxaa lagu soo heshiiyey in 1-dii July, 1960-kii lagu midoobo Dawlad ay caasimadeedu Muqdisho tahay (one country, one government, one flag).
30-kii April, 1960-kii, wafdi uu hoggaaminayo Maxamed Xaaji Ibraahim Cigal, oo ka kooban isaga iyo saddex Wasiir (Cali Garad Jamac, Axmed Xaji Ducale iyo Xaji Ibrahim Nuur) ayaa London noogu yimid. Wafdigu wuxuu u socday inuu Dawladda Ingriiska ka codsado madaxbanaanida Somaliland ka hor 1-dii Julay, 1960-kii si taariikhdaas Somaliland ay ula midowdo Somalia. 5-tii May 1960-kii, ayaa shir laba geesood ah lagu qabtay Xafiiskii Wasiirkii Mustacmaraadka, Mr Ian MacLoed, ee Ingriiska waxaana lagu heshiiyey madax-banaanida Somaliland (Independence) laga bilaabo 26-kii june 1960-kii.
Somaliland iyo Ethiopia
-kii May, 1960-kii Maxamed Xaji Ibraahim Cigal iyo saddexdiisii Wasiir ayaa u ambabaxay Addis Abeba, caasimadda Ethiopia. Ujeedada safarkaasu waxay ahayd Boqor Xayle Salassie in laga codsado soo celinta Huad iyo Reserved Areas. Boqorku Qasrigiisii ayuu wafdigii ku qaabiley. Dhinaca midigtiisa waxaa fadhiyay Prime Ministerkii Ethiopia Ato Aklilo Hapte Walde , iyo dhowr Wasiir uu ka mid ahaa Wasiirkii Arrimaha Gudaha uu Boqorku soddog u ahaa. Dhinaca bidixdana waxaa fadhiyey Wasiiraddii Somaliland iyo anigoo Xoghayn ahaan ula socday. Labada geesood dhexdooda waxaa turjubaan ahaan u fadhiyey oo Boqorka ka soo horjeeday, Cabdiraxmaan Sayid Maxamed Cabdille Xasan (Wasiir-ku-Xigeenkii Arrimaha Gudaha ee Ethiopia).
Soo dhewyntii Boqorku wafdiga soo dhoweeyey ka dib, waxaa hadalkii qaatay Maxamed Xaaji Ibraahim Cigal, waxaanu hadalkiisii ku furay ammaan ballaadhan uu Boqorka ammaanay, wuxuuna isla markaas Boqorka ka codsaday inuu indho naxariis leh ku eego baahida ay qabaa’ilka Somaliland u qabaan Haud iyo Reserved Areas. Saddexdii Wasiir ee kalena hadalkii bay iska daba qaateen iyagoo codkooda ku biirinaya hadalladii Cigal. Dhinaca Ethiopia waxa u hadlay Boqorka oo keliya. Wuxuu yidhi Somalidu waa qowmiyad Ethiopia ka mid ah, laakiin uu Isticmaarku duufsaday. Boqorku wuxuu xusay oo halyeeyo Ethiopian ah ku sheegay Sayid Maxamed Cabdille Hasan, Cumar Samatar iyo Xaaji Faarax Khaled oo isagu galabtaas shirka fadhiyay, oo markuu Boqorku isgalana la xanaaqayay markuu Boqorku dhoosha bidhana farxad muujinayey, isaga oo Boqorka istusayey !!!. Wuxuu boqorku intaas raaciyay Haud iyo Reserved Areas idinka iyo xoolihiinuba waa ku noolaan kartaan, oo hashiinu ilaa Addis-abeba ayay daaqi kartaa, waase dal Ethiopia ka mid ah, gorgortana kama furna.
Boqorku Wuxuu ka hadlay Eritrea oo ay Dawladda Talyaanigu isticmaarsan jirtay, balse Ethiopia la midowday 1952-kii. Wuxuu ku dheeraaday mashaariicdii uu ka fuliyey isagoo farta ku fiiqaya khaaridad Eritrea oo gidaarka Xafiiskiisa sudhnayd. Isagoo hadalkiisa sii wata, Boqorku wuxuu soo jeediyey in marka hore Somaliland iyo Ethiopia ay midoobaan, dabadeedna ay Somalia wada raadiyaan, (taasoo uu ku sheegay ‘Our Province of Banadir’). Wasiiradii Somaliland hadalkoodii hore ayey ku celiyeen. Halkaas markii la marayey ayuu Boqorku soo jeediyey in biririf la qaato, la iskuna soo noqdo. Hase yeeshee biririftii ka dib,waxaa naloo sheegay in uu wada - hadalkii dhammaday oo hudheelkii aanu degganayn ayaa nalagu celiyey.
Subaxdii dambe wargeyska “The Ethiopian Herald” ayaa daabacay war kooban oo sheegaya Boqorka oo qaabiley afar masuul iyo karaanigoodii (Four officials and their clerk) oo Somaliland ka socday. Warkaas kooban waxaa ku ag daabacanaa arji dheer oo loo nisbeeyey odayaal Ogaden ah, kuwaas oo Boqorka ka codsaday inuu dadkooda iyo dalkoodaba ka badbaadiyo nimanka hororka ah ee Somaliland ka soo duuley! Waxay ahayd arrin laga sii shaqeeyey ka hor intii aanu wafdiga Somaliland Addis Abeba gaadhin, waayo, maalintii aanu Addis Ababa gaadhney waxay odayaashii Ogaden noo soo direen Maxamed Saalax Yacniile oo waqtigaas ka shaqaynayey The State Bank of Ethiopia (Alle ha u naxariistee) oo noo soo sheegay odayaashaas in Addis Ababa khasab lagu keenay si ay u daadifeeyaan arrintii wafdiga Somaliland la socday.
Intii aanu Addis Abeba diyaarad ku sugaynay, Mudane Cigal waxaa soo booqday Safiirkii dalka Sudan ee waqtigaas Addis Abeba joogay oo magaciisu ahaa Jamal Maxamed Axmed. Wuxuu u sheegay war uu ka helay ilo uga qaateen ah (siduu yidhi ) oo odhanaya inay Ethiopia isu diyaarinaysey weerar ay Somaliland ku qabsato marka Ingriisku ka baxo. Soo noqodkaygii Hargeysa ayuu Mudane Cigal warbixin sir ah oo arrintaas naxdinta leh ku saabsan u qoray Xukuumaddii Ingriiska, iyana London ayey u sii gudbisey. Dawladda Ingriisku waxay ku soo jawaabtay inay arrintaas biciidaysanaysey isla markaana aanay aqbali doonin raadkii ay kaga baxday Somaliland oo sii qoyan inay Ethiopia ku soo duusho. Si kastaba ha ahaatee warkaasu isma soo tarin.
Somaliland Iyo Somalia
-tii June, 1960-kii, wafdi ka kooban Mudane Maxamed Ibraahim Cigal iyo Cali Garad Jamac (iyo anigoo Xoghayn ahaan ula socdey) ayaa u amba-baxnay Muqdisho. Wafdiga socdaalkiisu wuxuu ku saabsanaa Xukuumaddii Mudane Cabdillahi Ciise in lala soo dhammaystiro Axdigii Is-raaca (Act of Union) ee labada dal. Shirar ay qaateen S.N.L/U.S.P. intii aanu Wafdigu amba-bixin, waxaa lagu go’aamiyey inaan wax shuruud ah lagu xidhin midaynta Somaliland iyo Somalia. Taas daradeed, Axdigii lagu diyaariyey Muqdisho oo ku salaysnaa heshiiskii Muqdisho lagu gaadhay bishii April, 1960-kii (fiiri kor) ayey labada dhinac qalinka ku duugeen.
Dabbaaldegyadii Xornimada
-kii June 1960-kii ayaa Calankii Ingriiska la soo rogey waxaana la saaray Calankii buluuglaha ahaa ee Somalia. Dabbaal-dagaas qaaliga ah waxaa lagu qabtay barxaddii loo yiqiin 26 june (oo haatan Masaajid laga dhisey). Hogol ayaa galabtaas ku da’day madashii xafladda, laakiin dadkii halkaas joogey oo aad khushuucsanaa ismay dhaqaajin. Munaasibadaas waxa lagu xusuustaa GABAYGII jidhidhicada lahaa ee KANNA SIIB,KANA SAAROO ee Marxuum Timacadde (Alla ha u naxariistee) madashaas ka tiriyey isagoo kor ugu luuqaynaya. Dalka oo dhan ayaa laga dabbaal degey maalintaas.
Wafdi uu hoggaaminayo Adan Cabdalla Cisman (oo markaas ahaa Guddoomiyihii Golihii Shacabka ee Somalia) ayaa munaasabadaas faraxadda leh ka soo qayb galay. Wafdigaas waxaa ka mid ahaa Mudane Maxamed Sheikh Gabyow oo ahaa Wasiirkii Arrimaha Dastuurka ee Somalia. Habeenkii 26/27-kii June ayaa shir laba geesood ah lagu qabtay Qasrigii Dawladda ee Hargeysa. Md. Gabyow wuxuu noo sheegay Axdigii lagu kala saxeexday Muqdisho laba ama sadex qodob oo ka mid ahaa in dib loo eego. Illaa labadii aroornimo ayuu shirkaasu socdey, waana la isku mari waayey. Subaxdii 27-kii June, 1960-kii, ayaa wafdigii Mudane Adan Cabdalle Cismaan Muqdisho ku laabtay. Isla galabtii maalintaas ayaa Mudane Cabdullahi Ciise taar u soo diray Mudane Maxamed Xaaji Ibraahim Cigal isagoo ku wargelinaya inay lagama maarmaan tahay qodobaddii la isku khilaafsanaa in laga heshiiyo ka hor inta aanay labada dal midoobin. Md. Cabdillahi Ciise wuxuu soo jeediyey guddi laba geesood ah in loo saaro qodobadaas si xal loogu helo.
-kii June 1960-kii ayuu Mudane Cigal shir deg deg ah u qabtay Golihii Shacabka ee Somaliland si looga doodo taarkii uu soo diray Md. Cabdillahi Ciise. Dareen Xoog leh ayaa saameeyey jawigii Golaha. Intay doodu socotey ayaa warkii magalaada gaadhay. Hargeysa oo dhan ayaa ku soo jabtay madashii Goodirka oo shirku ka socdey, iyadoo lagu dhawaaqayo yaan loo joojinin Cabdullahi Ciise ee Axdiga Israaca deg deg ha loo gudbiyo. Shirkii markuu dhammaaday jawaab saddex qodob ka kooban ayuu Mudane Cigal u direy Mudane Cabdallahi Ciise: (1) Axdigii Israaca (Act of Union) Golihii Shacabka ee Somaliland wuu Tasdiiqiyey (2) Qodobadda la isku khilaafsan yahay israaca labada dal ka dib ayaa guddi isku dhafan loo saari karaa. (3) 30/6/60 ayey Xubnihii Golihii Shacabka iyo Xukuumadda Somaliland Muqdisho ku soo beegan yihiin ee htaariikhi ah ma laha maadaama aan waxba laga soo qaadin oo ay waxba kama jiraan noqdeen.
Qoritaanka taariikhdii Dawladdii Somalia ee soddon jirka ahayd (1960-1991) wuxuu u baahan yahay daraasad (research) qoto dheer si loo sugo dhacdooyinkii ummada Somaaliyeed muddadaas soo maray. Haddii Ilaahay igu simo, oo aan dhaqaale iyo waqti u helo, qoritaanka taariikhdaas damaceedu igama madhna.aloo diyaar garoobo.
Qodobada la isku khilaafsanaa ma xusuusan karo oo muddo dheer baa wakhtigaas laga joogaa, laakiin muhiimad
Waa Gabay aad u qiimo badan oo weliba aqoon badani ku duugan tahay oo ka sheekaaynaya sida waxa aad leedahay aay uuga macaan yihiin wax qof kale kuugu deeqday " Mugaabada Hashaadaa Ka Roon Maydhanaan Kale 
Dhaqaalaha iyo Tiknoolajiyada aduunka + xuquuda dumarka
Maanta oo Sabti ah waxaan halkan idiinku soo gudbinayaa mawduuc aqoon-guuda oo ku saabsan dhaqaalaha iyo tiknoolohyiada aduunka iyo weliba xilligii lagu dhawaaqay xuquuqda dumarka ee aduunka , waxaan jeclaa mawduucan aqoonta-guuda oo aay ku duugan tahay aqoon farabadani oo ku qoran afka ingiriisiga in aan idiin tyrjumo ad soomaali balse wakhtiga oo ugu cidhiidhiya ayaan ii saamaxayn, markaas waxaad tihiin dad aqoon leh oo badankiinu luuqada ingiriisiga aad u yaqaana markaa isagoo in giriisiya ayaan idinla jeclaaday in aan idiin soo gudbiyee iga gudooma oo si fiican uuga faa,iidaysta.
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